The data in Figure 20 indicate that mice probably are not endangered by
water shortages in most years. The average percentage of moisture in the
plants studied was as follows: _Comandra umbellata_ 62.33 per cent;
_Solidago petradoria_ 53.0 per cent; _Penstemon linarioides_ 49.28 per
cent. If a mouse were to eat ten grams of plant material containing 50
per cent moisture, it would provide him with five grams of food and five
grams of water, both of which exceed the minimum daily needs for
non-pregnant adults of either species.
The data indicate that there are sufficient differences in water
consumption between _P. maniculatus_ and _P. truei_ to account for their
habitat preferences in Mesa Verde National Park. In years having average
precipitation, water present in the vegetation has the potential for
providing enough moisture for the needs of both species. Extended
drought would affect individuals of _P. truei_ more adversely than
individuals of _P. maniculatus_.
[Illustration: FIG. 20: Graph showing percentages of moisture
contained during the summer of 1964, by three abundant and
widely-distributed species of plants in Mesa Verde National
Park, Colorado.]
PARASITISM
Ectoparasites were collected by placing specimens of _Peromyscus_ in
separate plastic bags soon after death, adding cotton saturated with
carbon tetrachloride, closing the bag for about five minutes, then
brushing the fur of the specimen above a sheet of white paper. The
ectoparasites were sorted and sent to specialists for identification.
Endoparasites were saved when stomach and intestinal contents were
examined. Larvae of botflies were collected from mice in the autumn of
1962, placed in sand in containers, and kept over winter until they
hatched. Eyelids of alcoholic specimens were inspected for mites by an
authority on these organisms.
In 1961, the incidence of parasitism by botflies was the highest for the
period 1960-1966. _P. maniculatus_ was more heavily infected with
warbles than was _P. truei_. In 84 individuals of _P. maniculatus_ taken
in September 1961, from Morfield Ridge, 32.1 per cent had warbles. The
average number of warbles per animal was 1.24, and it was not uncommon
to find two or three warbles per mouse. Sixty-nine per cent of the
warbles were in the third instar stage, and the rest were in the second
instar stage. Warble infestation was higher in the first half of
September (40 per cent of mice infected) than in the second half of the
month (30 per cent infected), but a larger percentage of the warbles
were found (69 per cent) in the second half of the month.
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