Comparative ReligionCarpenter, J. Estlin (Joseph Estlin)
Religion
Comparative Religion
Carpenter, J. Estlin (Joseph Estlin)
Religions
The divisions of the universe suggested another grouping. The Vedic
poets arranged their deities in three zones: the sky above, the
intervening atmosphere, and the earth beneath. Babylonian cosmology
placed Anu in the heaven, Bel on the earth, and Ea in the great deep,
and these three became the symbols of the order of nature, and the
divine embodiments of physical law. Homer already divides the world
between the sky-god Zeus, Poseidon of earth and sea, and Hades of the
nether realm: and Rome has its triads, like Jupiter, Mars, and
Quirinus, or again Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. Whatever be the origin
of the number three in this connection, it reproduces itself with
strange reiteration in both hemispheres. Other groups are suggested by
the sun and moon and the five planets, and appear in sets of seven.
Egyptian summaries recognised gods in the sky, on earth, and in the
water; and the theologians of different sanctuaries loved to arrange
them in systems of nine, or three times three.
Out of this vast and motley multitude emerge certain leading types in
correspondence {110} with certain modes of human thought, with certain
hopes and fears arising out of the changes of the human lot. Curiosity
begins to ask questions about the scene around. The child, when it has
grasped some simple view of the world, will inquire who made it; and to
the usual answer will by and by rejoin "And who made God?" Elementary
speculation does not advance so far: it is content to rest if necessary
in darkness and the void, provided there is a power which can light the
sun, and set man on his feet. But the intellectual range of thought
even in the lower culture is much wider than might have been
anticipated; while the higher religions contain abundant survivals of
the cruder imagination which simply loves a tale.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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