Cabinet, discords in first, 2; change in character of, 45 _et seq_.; real executive equality of, with President, 46, 257; diminishing power of, to control policy, 45, 47, 262, 269; parliamentary position of British, 95; British, a single Standing Committee, 117; irresponsibility of, in U. S., in matters of finance, 164; an integral part of the Executive, 257; limits to independence of, 258; relations of, to President, 258, 259; ministerial, rather than political, officers in U. S., 261, 264 _et seq_., 291; duties of, supervised by Standing Committees, 262; in the leading-strings of Congress, 262, 266; fixed terms of, 261, 264 _et seq_.; represent whom? 265, 266; party relations of, 269; easily evade many questions and commands of Congress, 271, 272; indistinct responsibility of, 282; history of responsibility of British, 286 _et seq_.; status of, in American constitutional system, 291. Calhoun, J. C., 89, 218. Call of States for bills, 66; of Standing Committees for reports, 72, 73. Canning, George, 209. Caucus, failure of congressional nominating, 247; legislative, disciplines parties in Congress, 326, 327; invention of, by Democrats, 327, 328; privacy and irresponsibility of legislative, 328, 329; methods and constraints of legislative, 329, 330; necessity for legislative, 330. Centralization, present tendency towards, in federal govt. and Congress, 53, 315, 316; questions which seem to necessitate, 54. Chairman of Standing Committees, govt. by, 102; elders of Congress, 102; relations of, to each other, 102, 103; limits to leadership of each of the, 205. Chatham, Earl of, 209, 258. Civil Rights Act, 33, n. Civil Service Reform, and usurpations of Senate, 49, 236 _et seq_.; hindered by institutional causes in U. S., 285, 290; history of, in Great Britain, 285 et seq.; history of, in U. S., 289, 290; conditions precedent to, 290. Clay, Henry, 89, 218, 252. _Cloture_ in French Assembly, 126. Cobden, Richard, 198. Coinage Act of 1873, 185. Commerce, federal power over, 30, 31; former control of appropriations for internal improvements by Committee on, 167. Commission, legislative, proposed by J. S. Mill, 115, 129, 192; the most effective legislative, 192. Committee, "Executive," proposed for House of Representatives, 114. Committees, select, 67.