Convention, Constitutional, of 1787, 268, 284, 307, 309. Convention, national nominating, real functions of a, 245 _et seq_.; minority representation in composition of a, 246; conditions surrounding choice of a candidate by a, 250, 251; does not pick from Congress, 251, 252. Cooley, Judge, on balance between state and federal govts., 17, 18; on checks upon federal encroachment, 33, 34; on judicial control of the Executive, 35; on the originality of the Constitution, 55, 56; incompleteness of constitutional view of, 56, 57. "Courtesy" of the Senate, 238. Criticism, necessity for a new, of constitutional methods, 53 _et seq_.; former methods of constitutional, 57; Congress central object of constitutional, 57; of legislation by Senate, 219. Cromwell, Oliver, 207, 208. Cushman, Samuel, 89. Dale, Mr., on indifference of public opinion in U. S., 331. Debate, time for, and conditions of, in House, 75 _et seq_.; importance of, 78; on Ways and Means and Appropriations, 78; absence of instinct of, in House, 79; relegated to Standing Committees, 81, 82; in Standing Committees, 81; value of, in Committees, 82; kind of, necessary, 85; physical limitations of, in House, 86 _et seq_.; in early Houses, 89, 90; uninteresting and uninstructive character of, in Congress, 95, 96, 101, 184, 185, 298; parliamentary, centres about Ministry, 95; necessity for, under responsible Cabinet govt., 119; in French Assembly, 125 _et seq_.; of appropriation bills, 154, 155, 183, 184; of all financial questions by Congress, 183; in Senate, 211, 216 _et seq_.; in Congress, directed at random, 298; chief use of public, in representative bodies, 299 _et seq_.; of administration, cannot be too much of, in Congress, 304. Deficiency Bills, 159. Democracy, limited in U. S. by Senate, 226. Denmark, treaty with, in regard to St. Thomas, in Senate, 50, 51. Departments, communications of, with Appropriation Committees concerning estimates, 160-164; present methods of book-keeping in the, 163; heads of, make interest with Appropriation Committees, 163; Senate's share in control of the, 231; and Congress, defective means of cooperation between, 270, 271; demoralizing relations of, with Congress, 277, 278; exactions of Congress upon, 278, 279; objects of suspicion because of their privacy, 299, 300. Eaton, D. B., on civil service reform in Great Britain, 285. Education, federal aid to, 29. Election, Senate shielded by the method of its, 224; of President, real method of, 243 _et seq_.; virtual, by nominating conventions, 245. Electors, presidential, balanced against people, 40; agents of nominating conventions, 245, 250; history of action of, 246, 247, 250. Ellsworth, Oliver, on veto power, 52. Embargo, the, 21. English Constitution, likeness between the, and that of U. S., 7, 307 _et seq_.; character of, when Constitution of U. S. was formed, 307, 308, 310, 311.