Stages of national political growth, before civil war, 200; since, 202. "Star Route" trials, 178, n. State and federal governments, balance between, _See_ 'Federal and state governments.' States, the, disadvantages of direct taxation to, 133. Sumner, Chas., Chairman Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 235. Sumner, Prof. W. G., on task of legislator, 296. Sunderland, Earl of, 314. Supervision of elections by federal govt., 27. Supply, Committee of, in House of Commons, 137-139; vital character of votes of, in House of Commons, 139; Committee of, in House of Representatives, 154; questions of, take precedence of questions of revenue in Congress, 174. Surpluses, 173, 174, 179. Suspension of Rules, bills passed under a, in House, 111, 112. Swiss Constitution and bicameral system, 221. Tariff of 1833, character of contest over, 198. Taxation, sensitiveness of people concerning, 131; direct and indirect, 132, 133; Mr. Gladstone on direct and indirect, 134; direct, by States, indirect, by federal govt., 133. Telegraph lines, constitutional interpretation in connection with, 30, 31. Tenure of Office Act, 49, 277. Terms of office, short, 255; of the Secretaries, 261, 264 _et seq_. Tocqueville, De, on position of President, 266, n. Townshend, Chas., 207, 208. Treasury, accessibility of heads of British, in the Commons, 146, 147; "Letter" from Secretary of, 149; annual reports of, referred to Committee of Ways and Means, 170; character of annual reports of, 170, 171; Secretary of, duties of, 263; non-political character of functions of Secretary of, 264. "Tribune" of French Assembly, 127, 128. Turgot, M., on bicameral system of U. S., 220. Van Buren, Martin, 259. Veto, power of, 52, 260. Vice-President, the, 240, 241. Victorian Parliament, two chambers of, 223. Virginia, protest of, against Alien and Sedition Laws, 21. Walpole, Sir Robt., 208, 286. War, change wrought by the civil, in constitutional methods and in constitutional criticism, 5 _et seq_.; the civil, a struggle between nationality and principles of disintegration, 32; opened a new period of public life in U. S., 195. Washington, antagonisms in first Cabinet of, 2; influence of the Executive under, 41, 246, 252, 259. Ways and Means, debate of, 78; "Brahmins" of Committee of, 111; chairmen of, federal Chancellors of Exchequer, 134; preference of Committee of, for indirect taxation, 134; Committee of, in House of Commons, 139-144; weight of votes of Committee of, in Commons, 142; House Committee of, formerly controlled appropriations, 161; character of Committee of, 170; policy of Committee of, compared with policy of English Chancellor of Exchequer, 171-175; reports of, deferred to reports of Committee on Appropriations, 174, 183, 184. "Ways and Means Bills," 143, 144. Webster, Daniel, 89, 204, 218, 252, 259. William the Silent, 207, 208. William III., 313, 314. Windham, Wm., 207, 208. Year, British financial, 140; federal financial, 148.