Constantine the Great: The reorganization of the Empire and the triumph of the ChurchFirth, John B. (John Benjamin)
History
Constantine the Great: The reorganization of the Empire and the triumph of the Church
Firth, John B. (John Benjamin)
Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600; Constantine I, Emperor of Rome, -337
The outward peace lasted little more than two years. Unfortunately, we
are almost entirely in the dark as to what took place during that time,
beyond the certain fact of the recall of Arius, Eusebius, and Theognis.
Arius had been banished to Galatia; then we read of the sentence being
partially revoked, and the only embargo placed upon his freedom of
movement was that he was forbidden to return to Alexandria. Did this
take place before the recall of Eusebius and Theognis? Socrates gives
the text of a strange letter written by these two prelates to the
principal bishops of the Church, in which they definitely say that,
inasmuch as Arius has been recalled from exile, they hope the bishops
will use their influence with the Emperor on their behalf.
“After closely studying the question of the Homoousion,” they say, “we
are wholly intent on preserving peace and we have been seduced by no
heresy. We subscribed to the Creed, after suggesting what we thought
best for the Church, but we refused to sign the anathema, not because
we had any fault to find with the Creed, but because we did not
consider Arius to be what he was represented as being. The letters we
had received from him and the discourses we had heard him deliver
compelled us to form a totally different estimate of his character.”
The authenticity of this letter has been sharply called in question, for
there is no other scrap of evidence confirming the statement that Arius
was recalled before Eusebius and Theognis—in itself a most improbable
step. Constantine had issued an edict that any one concealing a copy of
the writings of Arius and not instantly handing it over to the
authorities to be burnt, should be put to death, and it is much more
probable that Arius was recalled after, rather than before, Eusebius of
Nicomedia. The “History” of Socrates contains many letters of doubtful
authenticity and some which are, beyond dispute, forgeries. Among the
latter we may certainly include the portentously long document in which
Constantine is represented as making a grossly personal attack on the
banished Arius. We will content ourselves with quoting the most
vituperative passage:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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