Christians, persecution of, 12 _ff._, 27, 134 _ff._; erect church at Nicomedia, 13; and Neo-Platonists, 19, 20 Chrysopolis, battle of, 130, 158 Church, the, condition in reign of Diocletian, 12-14, 16; persecution of, 12 _ff._, 134 _ff._; and State, 13, 14, 158, 234, 343, 344; schisms in, 153, 159 _ff._, 189; 211 _ff._; triumph of, 236, 355, 356; persecution ended, 285; and marriage, 349 Cibalis, battle of, 121 Circumcelliones, a religious sect, 185, 186 Cirta, capital of Numidia, sacked, 76; renamed, 186 Cirta, synod of, 161, 162 Cistern of Philoxenos, 273 Claudian, 354 Claudius subdues Goths and Sarmatæ, 3, 123 Coins, 239, 314, 318 _Colonus_, the, condition, 340, 342, 343 Column of Constantine, 270 Constans, son of Constantine, 238, 309 Constantia, wife of Licinius, pleads for his life 131; influence, 200, 230, 239, 289 Constantina, daughter of Constantine, 309 Constantina, new name of Cirta, 186 Constantine, Emperor, birth and parentage, 43, 44; birthplace, 44, 260; early life and characteristics, 45; ambitions, 46; escape from Galerius, 47; joins his father, 48; saluted as Augustus by the troops, 49; declares himself Emperor, 50; acknowledged as Cæsar by Galerius, 50; Cæsar of the West, 51; victory over the Franks, 53-55; attitude toward Galerius, 60; marriage, 61; alliance of Maximian and Maxentius with, 62; relations with Diocletian, 64; acknowledged as Augustus by Galerius, 66; recognises Maximian, 67; expedition against the Franks, 67, 68; quells Maximian, 69; plots against, 70, 71; his domain, 76; alliance of Licinius with, 79; war with Maxentius, 80 _ff._; battle of Milvian Bridge, 86, 87; triumphal procession in Rome, 88; disbands Prætorians, 89; acts of conciliation, 90; games and festivals in honour of, 91; vision of the Cross and conversion, 92, 95 _ff._; issues Edict of Milan, 107 _ff._; and Licinius share Roman Empire, 120; war with Licinius, 120 _ff._; defeats Licinius at Cibalis, 121; defeats Licinius at Mardia, 121; treaty with Licinius, 122; appoints Crispus as Cæsar,1 22; his sons, 123; rupture with Licinius, 123 _ff._, 154; triumphs of, 124; champion of the Church, 126, 127; defeats Licinius at Adrianople, 128; victory at Byzantium, 129; generalship of, 130; victory at Chrysopolis, 130; treatment of Licinius, 131, 132; signs edict of toleration, 140; overthrow of Maxentius, 153; recalls exiled Christians, 158; and the Donatists, 159 _ff._; African bishops appeal to, 159; presents money to African clergy, 166; letter to Cæcilianus, 166; letter to Anulinus, 167; party of Majorinus appeal to, 169; letter to Miltiades, 169; letter to Ælianus, 172-174; letter to Chrestus, 175; letter to Council of Arles, 178-180; summons Cæcilianus to Rome, 180; letter to Donatist bishops, 180;