Proper Nouns Substantive are the individual and distinctive names of Men, Women, and Children. Hence they belong to and correspond with the domain of Personality, or to that of Man as against the world of mere Things. Some objects, lower in the scale of Being than man, are treated with that respect and consideration which ordinarily attach to Human Beings, and are then dignified by applying to them Proper Names. These are especially the Domestic Animals immediately associated with man; Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, etc. Restated, this discrimination is as follows: 1. COMMON NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE = THINGS, THE WORLD. 2. PROPER NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE = PERSONALITY, MAN. It is to be borne in mind that, as a minor proportion of mere Things are raised to the dignity of wearing Proper Names, so, on the other hand, Men, though appropriately distinguished by prenomens and cognomens, may also sink to the character of Things, and be mentioned by class-names. Thus it is that throughout Nature one domain overlaps another domain, and all of our discriminations, though made in terms as if absolute, signify, in fact, merely the _preponderance_; thus, when we say, that Proper Names apply to the Human Domain, that is true _in preponderance_, but not absolutely or exclusively; and when we say that Common Names apply to Things below Persons, the statement is true _in preponderance_, but not absolutely or exclusively. Proper Names--The Human World in Language--are, in the next place, distinguished by Gender, as that word itself is distinguished by Sex. By the principle of Overlapping, above explained, this distinction of Gender or Sex descends in a minor degree into the Thing World; in a large degree to the Animal World below man: in less degree to the Vegetable World; and in the least degree to the Mineral and Abstract World. But characteristically and predominatingly, Sex is predicated of Humanity, where it is developed in its highest perfection; and in the same degree Gender in Grammar is, in predominance, confined to the Proper Nouns Substantive. Masculine and Feminine are the only Proper Genders. Neuter Gender means of _neither_ Gender, and includes the great mass of Common Nouns, or the Thing World, as distinguished from Personality. Reversing the order, and resuming the above discriminations in the two domains, Language and the Universe, they are as follows: _Language. Universe._ {MASCULINE. {MALE. PROPER-NOUN-DOM{ PERSON-DOM{ {Feminine. {Female. COMMON-NOUN-DOM. THING-DOM. Again, in this Concrete World, the world of Persons and Things, Number reappears, and guides the next great Grammatical division of Nouns Substantive; and the ruling numbers are, again, One, Two, Three.