_Papilio achates_, 147; _P. adamantius_, 171; _P. aenigma_, 87; _P. agamemnon_, 141, 158, 170, 171; _P. agestor_, 180; _P. alphenor_, 148, 169; _P. amanga_, 151; _P. androcles_, 171; _P. androgeus_, 88, 147, 180, 183; _P. antiphates_, 141, 171; _P. antiphus_, 87, 150, 170, 180, 183; _P. aristaeus_, 171; _P. arjuna_, 141; _P. ascalaphus_, 171; _P. autolycus_, 160; _P. bathycles_, 141; _P. blumei_, 171; _P. brama_, 171; _P. caunus_, 87, 179; _P. codrus_, 160, 171; _P. coeon_, 88, 146, 180, 182; _P. deiphobus_, 140; _P. deiphontes_, 171; _P. delessertii_, 180; _P. demolion_, 171; _P. diphilus_, 87, 170, 180, 183; _P. doubledayi_, 88, 180; _P. elyros_, 148; _P. encelades_, 171; _P. erectheus_, 151; _P. euripilus_, 160; _P. evemon_, 159; _P. gigon_, 171; _P. glaucus_, 152; _P. hector_, 87, 150, 180, 183; _P. helenus_, 160, 171; _P. hospiton_, 178; _P. idaeoides_, 180; _P. jason_, 159, 171; _P. ledebouria_, 148; _P. leucothoe_, 171; _P. leodamas_, 170; _P. liris_, 87, 180, 184; _P. macareus_, 179; _P. machaon_, 178; _P. melanides_, 148, 150; _P. memnon_, 88, 140, 146, 147, 152, 180, 183; _P. milon_, 171; _P. nephelus_, 140; _P. nicanor_, 170; _P. oenomaus_, 88, 180, 184; _P. onesimus_, 151; _P. ormenus_, 150, 152, 182; _P. pammon_, 147, 152, 170, 180; _P. pamphylus_, 171; _P. pandion_, 152, 180; _P. paradoxa_, 87, 179; _P. peranthus_, 160, 171; _P. pertinax_, 145; _P. philoxenus_, 182; _P. polydorus_, 88, 170, 182; _P. polytes_, 147, 148; _P. rhesus_, 171; _P. romulus_, 87, 148, 150, 183; _P. sarpedon_, 141, 158, 171; _P. sataspes_, 171; _P. severus_, 140, 144; _P. theseus_, 87, 148, 150, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183; _P. thule_, 179; _P. torquatus_, 156; _P. turnus_, 152; _P. ulysses_, 140, 160, 173; _P. varuna_, 88. PAPILIONIDAE, the question of their rank, 133; peculiar characters possessed by, 134; peculiarly diurnal, 136; compared with groups of mammalia, 138; distribution of, 140; large forms of Celebes and Moluccas, 168; large forms of Amboyna, 169; local variation of form, 169; arrangement of, 186; geographical distribution of, 189; of Indo-Malay and Austro-Malay regions, 192; of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, 193. PARIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 243. PASSENGER pigeon, cause of its great numbers, 308. PATENT inventions, as illustrating classification, 295. _Phacellocera batesii_, mimics one of the Anthribidae, 94. _Phalaropus fulicarius_, 115, 251. PHASMIDAE, imitate sticks and twigs, 64; females resembling leaves, 112. PHYLLIUM, wonderful protective colour and form of, 64. PHYSALIA, 258. PIERIDAE, local modification of form in, 172.