SPONDYLIUM, --ION, a kind of plant, cow-parsnip, or all-heal. Also called SPHONDYLIUM and FONDULUM. It is quite evident that this term is very easily confused with the foregoing, a mistake, which was made by Humelbergius and upheld by Lister and others. For comparison see ℞ 46, 115-21, 183, 309, 431 SPONDYLUS, the muscular part of an oyster or other shellfish, scallop, for instance; also a species of bivalves, perhaps the scallop, ℞ 46 SPONGIOLA, rose gall, also the roots of asparagus, clottered and grown close together SPONGIOLUS, fungus growing in the meadows, a mushroom, cf. SPONDYLIUM and notes pertaining thereto Sprats, ℞ 138-9 Sprouts, cabbage ----, ℞ 89-92 Squab, ℞ 218-27, cf. Pipio Squash, ℞ 73-80 Squill, ℞ 485 Squirrel, ℞ 396 Stag, ℞ 339-45 Starch, in forcemeats, sausage, etc., ℞ 50 Starr, Frederick, see introduction STATERAE, steelyards for measuring Sternajolo, writer, Apiciana, No. 28, p. 273 Stewed Lacertus, ℞ 152; ---- meats, p. 285, ℞ 356, seq. Stewpots, illustrated, pp. 183, 209, 223, 235 String beans and chick-peas, ℞ 209 STRUTHIO, ostrich, ℞ 210-11 Studemund, W., writer, p. 19 Stuffed pumpkin fritters, ℞ 176; ---- chicken or pig, ℞ 199; ---- boned kid or lamb, ℞ 360 STURNUS, a starling, stare; Platina condemns its meat as unfit, likewise that of the blackbird (cf. MERULA); he pronounces their flesh to be "devilish." "STURNI, QUOS VULGO DIABOLICAM CARNEM HABERE DICIMUS." Yet three-hundred years later, French authorities recommend this sort of food. Viger, La Nouvelle Maison Rustique, Paris, 1798, Vol. iii, p. 613, tells how to catch and fatten STURNI. "After a month [of forced feeding] they will be nice and fat and good to eat and to sell; there are persons who live of this trade." He praises the crow similarly These instances are cited not only as a commentary upon the taste of the Southern people and their habits which have endured to this day but also to illustrate the singular genius of Platina. Also the following notes to STYRIO tend to show how far advanced was Platina in the matter of food as compared with the masters of the 18th century in France STYRIO, STIRIO, STURIO, ℞ 145, sturgeon; probably the same fish as known to the ancients as ACIPENSER or STURIO. (A. SIVE S. OBLONGO TEREDEQUE--Stephanus à Schonevelde, in Ichthyologia, Hamburg, 1624). There can be no doubt that the sturgeon or sterlet is meant by this term, for Platina calls the eggs of the fish "caviare." "OVA STIRIONIS CONDITUM QUOD CAUARE UOCANT." Eloquently he describes his struggle with the changing language. The efforts of this conscientious man, Platina, to get at the bottom of things no matter how trivial they may appear, are highly praiseworthy