The heavy low-priced beers occasion drunkenness of a peculiarly violent and savage kind, a fact which strongly favours the inference that this form of intoxication is due to some toxic agent, used as an adulterant. Of wines, the clarets and subacid wines are undoubtedly antiscorbutic in properties, and light wines as beverages are preferable to the stronger. Port, sherry, beer, stout, and ale are almost universally condemned in cases where there is a tendency to gout. The light clarets and Rhine wines are far more desirable beverages when this is the case, and the German wines are said to be valuable drinks in many lithic affections. It seems probable that the ethers and the vegetable salts, together with the sugar contained in wines, perform the most important part in the human economy. It has been proposed to introduce the red subacid wines as drinks for our sailors, because of their antiscorbutic qualities. Some of the alcoholic drinks prepared in India frequently cause temporary madness. =ALCOHOLISM.= ALCOHOL; EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLISM. =AL′COHOLS.= In _chemistry_, a term applied to compounds possessing a composition, formulæ, and chemical properties similar to those of ordinary alcohol. They form a series presenting an unmistakable symmetry, and differ from one another by well-marked gradations, as shown below:—— Methyl-alcohol (_wood spirit_). CH_{4}O Ethyl-alcohol (_ordinary alcohol_) C_{2}H_{6}O Amyl-alcohol (_füsel-oil_) C_{5}H_{12}O Capryl-alcohol C_{8}H_{18}O Cetyl-alcohol C_{16}H_{34}O &c., &c. =Alcohols.= In _commerce_, pure spirits of a greater strength than about 58 o. p. (sp. gr. 8335), or containing more than about 85% by WEIGHT, or 90% by VOLUME, of pure alcohol, are commonly so called. =Alcohols.= In _perfumery_, rectified spirit of wine, or commercial alcohol, holding essential oils or other odorous matters in solution. =Alcohols.= In _Fr. pharmacy_, alcoholic tinctures and essences. =ALCOOLATIFS= (alcoölatifs). [F.] _Syn_. ALCOHOLATI′VA, L. In _Fr. pharmacy_, alcoholic solutions of liniments, embrocations, &c., whether made by distillation, maceration, or solution. =ALCOOLATS= (alcoölats). [Fr.] In _Fr. pharmacy_, spirits; applied by Béral, Henry and Guibourt, and others, to medicated distilled spirits. =ALCOOLATURES= (alcoölatures). [Fr.] _Syn._ ALCOHOLATU′′RA, L. In. _Fr. pharmacy_, alcoholic tinctures, elixirs, &c. M. Béral confines the term to vegetable juices preserved by alcohol. =ALCOOLES= (alcooölés). [Fr.] Tinctures; the ‘teintures alcoholiques’ of the Fr. Codex. =ALCOOLIQUES= (alcoöliques). [Fr.] _Syn._ ALCOHOL′ICA, L. In _Fr. pharmacy_, alcoholic or spirituous solutions. (Béral.) =AL′CORNINE= (-nĭn). [Eng., Fr.] _Syn._ ALCOR′NOCINE (-sĭn); ALCOR′NEUM, ALCORNI′NA, L. A crystallisable substance, apparently intermediate between fat and wax, discovered by Biltz, in alcornoco bark.