In England a large quantity of artificial alizarin is manufactured by the process of Mr Perkin, and is used as a substitute for madder and madder extract, in Turkey red dyeing and topical styles. The largest makers of artificial alizarin on the continent are Messrs Gessert Frères, of Ebelfort, Messrs Maister, Lucius and Co., of Hæchst, near Frankfort, and the Badische Anilin und Soda Fabric, Mannheim. The following recipes for printing with artificial alizarin are extracted from Mr Crookes’ ‘Practical Handbook of Dyeing and Calico Printing’: REDS. 5 lbs. alizarin paste (10 per cent.); 16 lbs. thickening; 1 lb. acetate of alumina, at 15° Tw.; 1/2 lb. acetate of lime, at 25° Tw. PINKS. The above diluted with 2 or 3 parts of thickening. For double printing, when deep red is printed on first, the goods must be steamed one hour before the second printing takes place. After the second printing the goods are again steamed for one hour, and aged for twenty-four hours; they are then passed through one of the following baths, at from 120 to 140 F., remaining in the bath not longer than 1 to 1-1/2 minute:—— 250 gals. water; 60 lbs. chalk; 3 lbs. tin crystals. Or, 250 gals. water; 40 lbs. chalk; 10 lbs. arseniate of soda. The goods are then washed, and cleaned as follows:—— Take, for 10 pieces of fifty yards each,—— 1st. Soaping at 120° F., 3 lbs. soap; 1/4 lb. tin crystals. 2nd. Soaping at 160° F., 3 lbs. soap; 3rd. Soaping at 175° F., 3 lbs. soap. Wash between each soaping. RED FOR MOSAICS. 8 lbs. alizarin paste (10 per cent.); 10 quarts thickening; 9-1/2 oz. nitrate of alumina, at 23° Tw.; 19 oz. acetate of alumina, at 15° Tw.; 13 oz. acetate of lime, at 25° Tw. Or, 10 lbs. alizarin paste (10 per cent.); 10 quarts thickening; 13 oz. nitrate of alumina, at 23° Tw.; 19 oz. acetate of alumina, at 15° Tw.; 16 oz. acetate of lime, at 25° Tw. ANOTHER RED WITHOUT OIL. 8-1/2 lbs. alizarin paste (10 per cent.); 9-1/2 lbs. acetic acid, at 12° Tw.; 3-1/2 lbs. wheat flour; 5 pints water. Boil well and stir till cold; then add—— 1 lb. acetate of lime, at 29° Tw.; 2 lbs. nitrate of alumina, at 23° Tw.; 3 lbs. hyposulphite of lime, at 13° Tw. PURPLE. 3 lbs. alizarin paste (10 per cent.); 10 quarts purple thickening; 6 oz. pyrolignite of lime, at 18° Tw.; 12 oz. acetate of lime, at 25° Tw. The printed goods are steamed for an hour or two, and then aged from twenty-four to thirty-six hours. They are then padded in the chalk and arseniate of soda bath; after which they are washed and soaped in a single soap-bath without tin crystals; and, if needful, cleaned in a weak solution of bleaching powder. THICKENING FOR REDS. 12 lbs. wheat starch; 40 quarts water; 4 quarts acetic acid, 9^{9} Tw.; 1-1/4 lbs. gum tragacanth; 2 lbs. olive oil. Boil well together, and stir till cold. THICKENING FOR PURPLE.