"5. It is proposed that it shall be made legal to publish extracts from works which have appeared in any country of the Union, provided that such publications are adapted for teaching or have a scientific character. The reciprocal publication of books composed of fragments of various authors will also be permitted. It will be an indispensable condition, however, that the source of such extracts shall at all times be acknowledged. "6. On the other hand, it will be unlawful to publish, without special permission of the holder of the copyright, any piece of music, in any collection of music used in musical academies. "7. The rights of protection accorded to musical works will prohibit arrangements of music containing fragments from other composers, unless the consent of such composer be first obtained." {Sidenote: Second official conference, 1885} A second international conference was held at Berne from September 7 to 18, 1885, for the further consideration of the project. This was participated in by representatives from sixteen countries,--Argentina, Belgium, Costa Rica, France, Germany, Great Britain, Haiti, Honduras, Holland, Italy, Paraguay, Sweden and Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and Tunis. The United States was also represented at that conference by a "listening delegate," Boyd Winchester, then the United States minister at Berne. {Sidenote: Third official conference, 1886} The negotiations at Berne culminated at the third formal conference, of September 6 to 9, 1886, by agreement on a convention constituting an international copyright union, the _Union Internationale pour la Protection des OEuvres Litteraires et Artistiques_, which was signed on September 9, by the plenipotentiaries of ten countries, Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, Spain, France, Haiti, Italy, Switzerland, Tunis and Liberia. At this conference the United States was represented only as in 1885. {Sidenote: Berne convention, 1886:} The convention included twenty-one articles besides an additional article and final protocol, article I being as follows: "The contracting States are constituted into an Union for the protection of the rights of authors over their literary and artistic works." {Sidenote: Authors and terms} It was provided (art. II) that authors of any one of the countries shall enjoy in the other countries the same rights as natives, on complying with the formalities prescribed in the country of origin, _i. e._, of first publication, or in case of simultaneous publication, in the country having the shortest term of protection, for a period not exceeding the term of protection granted in the country of origin. This protection was extended (art. III) to the publishers within the Union of works whose authors belong to a country outside the Union. {Sidenote: "Literary and artistic works" defined}