The Berlin convention was signed in that city November 13, 1908, by the representatives of Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Luxemburg, Monaco, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunis, the signatories being in alphabetical order according to the French names of the countries. Ratifications were exchanged in Berlin June 9, 1910, and the convention became operative September 9, 1910. The convention was ratified without reservation by Germany, Belgium, Spain, Haiti, Liberia, Luxemburg, Monaco and Switzerland, and with reservations by France and Tunis (as to works of applied art); Japan (as to exclusive right of translation and the public performance of musical works); Norway (as to works of architecture, periodical articles and retrospective action). Denmark and Italy have not ratified the Berlin convention and therefore remain under the Berne convention and Paris additional act and declaration. Great Britain will be enabled under the new copyright act to accede to the Berlin convention, but has hitherto remained under the Berne convention and the Paris additional act, and Sweden, not having ratified, remains under the Berne convention and the Paris declaration. Portugal acceded in 1911. {Sidenote: Official organ} The official documents of the International Copyright Union, and especially accessions thereto, as well as current copyright information from all parts of the world, are given in the _Droit d'Auteur_, published monthly at Berne, under the able editorship of Prof. Ernest Roethlisberger, from the Bureau of the Union, as its official organ. {Sidenote: Montevideo congress, 1889} Three years after the Berne convention, a congress of seven of the South American republics was held at Montevideo, at which a convention with reference to literary and artistic copyright was adopted January 11, 1889. The Montevideo convention has been ratified by Argentina (1894), Bolivia (1903), Paraguay (1889), Peru (1889), and Uruguay (1892), though not by Brazil and Chile, which were also participants in the congress. It was in general on the lines of the Berne convention, though no mention was made of unpublished works. A work first published or produced in any one of the signatory countries and protected in that country in accordance with its requirements, was also accorded in the other countries the rights secured in the first country, but not for a longer term than was given in the country where protection was claimed. Dramatic works were specifically and playright impliedly protected. Provision was made for the inclusion of countries outside of South America, under which Belgium, France, Italy and Spain have become parties to the convention, but only in relation with Argentina and Paraguay. {Sidenote: Pan American conferences}