Coral Reefs; Volcanic Islands; South American Geology — CompleteDarwin, Charles
Science
Coral Reefs; Volcanic Islands; South American Geology — Complete
Darwin, Charles
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Coral reefs and islands; Geology -- South America; Islands; Volcanoes
which class these reefs belong. From the distance to which they extend
from the land, where the sea is very deep, I am strongly inclined to
believe they ought to come within the barrier class, and be coloured
blue; but I have been forced to leave them uncoloured.—The
last-mentioned groups are connected with the east end of Ceram by a
chain of small islands, of which the small groups of _Ceram-laut,
Goram_ and _Keffing_ are surrounded by very extensive reefs, projecting
into deep water, which, as in the last case, I strongly suspect belong
to the barrier class; but I have not coloured them. From the south side
of Keffing, the reefs project five miles (Windsor Earl’s “Sailing
Direct. for the Arafura Sea,” p. 9).
CERAM.—In various charts which I have examined, several parts of the
coast are represented as fringed by reefs.—_Manipa_ Island, between
Ceram and Bourou, in an old MS. chart in the Admiralty, is fringed by a
very irregular reef, partly dry at low water, which I do not doubt is
of coral-formation; both islands coloured red.—_Bourou_; parts of this
island appear fringed by coral-reefs, namely, the eastern coast, as
seen in Freycinet’s chart; and _Cajeli Bay_, which is said by Horsburgh
(vol. ii, p. 630) to be lined by coral-reefs, that stretch out a little
way, and have only a few feet water on them. In several charts,
portions of the islands forming the AMBOINA GROUP are fringed by reefs;
for instance, _Noessa, Harenca_, and _Ucaster_, in Freycinet’s charts.
The above-mentioned islands have been coloured red, although the
evidence is not very satisfactory.—North of Bourou the parallel line of
the _ Xulla_ Isles extends: I have not been able to find out anything
about them, excepting
that Horsburgh (vol. ii, p. 543) says that the northern shore is
surrounded by a reef at the distance of two or three miles;
uncoloured.—_Mysol Group_; the Kanary Islands are said by Forrest
(“Voyage,” p. 130) to be divided from each other by deep straits, and
are lined with coral-rocks; coloured red.—_Guebe_, lying between
Waigiou and Gilolo, is engraved as if fringed; and it is said by
Freycinet, that all the soundings under five fathoms were on coral;
coloured red.—_Gilolo_. In a chart published by Dalrymple, the numerous
islands on the western, southern (_Batchian_ and the _Strait of
Patientia_), and eastern sides appear fringed by narrow reefs; these
reefs, I suppose, are of coral, for it is said in “Malte Brun” (vol.
xii, p. 156), “Sur les côtes (of Batchian) comme _dans les plupart_ des
iles de cet archipel, il y a de rocs de médrepores d’une beauté et
d’une variété infimies.” Forrest, also (p. 50), says Seland, near
Batchian, is a little island with reefs of coral; coloured red.—_Morty_
Island (north of Gilolo). Horsburgh (vol. ii, p. 506) says the northern
coast is lined by reefs, projecting one or two miles, and having no
soundings close to them; I have left it uncoloured, although, as in
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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