Coral Reefs; Volcanic Islands; South American Geology — CompleteDarwin, Charles
Science
Coral Reefs; Volcanic Islands; South American Geology — Complete
Darwin, Charles
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Coral reefs and islands; Geology -- South America; Islands; Volcanoes
BABUYAN ISLANDS.—Horsburgh says (vol. ii, p. 442), coral-reefs line the
shores of the harbour in Fuga; and the charts show there are other
reefs about these islands. Camiguin has its shore in parts lined by
coral-rock (Horsburgh, p. 443); about a mile off shore there is between
thirty and thirty-five fathoms. The plan of Port San Pio Quinto shows
that its shores are fringed with coral; coloured red.—BASHEE ISLANDS:
Horsburgh, speaking of the southern part of the group (vol. ii, p. 445)
says the shores of both islands are fortified by a reef, and through
some of the gaps in it, the natives can pass in their
boats in fine weather; the bottom near the land is coral-rock. From the
published charts, it is evident that several of these islands are most
regularly fringed; coloured red. The northern islands are left
uncoloured, as I have been unable to find any account of them.—FORMOSA.
The shores, especially the western one, seem chiefly composed of mud
and sand, and I cannot make out that they are anywhere lined by reefs;
except in a harbour (Horsburgh, vol. ii, p. 449) at the extreme
northern point: hence, of course, the whole of this island is left
uncoloured. The small adjoining islands are in the same case.—PATCHOW,
OR MADJIKO-SIMA GROUPS. _Patchuson_ has been described by Captain
Broughton (“Voy. to the N. Pacific,” p. 191); he says, the boats, with
some difficulty, found a passage through the coral-reefs, which extend
along the coast, nearly half a mile off it. The boats were well
sheltered within the reef; but it does not appear that the water is
deep there. Outside the reef the depth is very irregular, varying from
five to fifty fathoms; the form of the land is not very abrupt;
coloured red.—_Taypin-san_; from the description given (p. 195) by the
same author, it appears that a very irregular reef extends, to the
distance of several miles, from the southern island; but whether it
encircles a space of deep water is not evident; nor, indeed, whether
these outlying reefs are connected with those more immediately
adjoining the land; left uncoloured. I may here just add that the shore
of _Kumi_ (lying west of Patchow), has a narrow reef attached to it in
the plan of it, in La Peyrouse’s “Atlas;” but it does not appear in the
account of the voyage that it is of coral; uncoloured.—LOO CHOO. The
greater part of the coast of this moderately hilly island, is skirted
by reefs, which do not extend far from the shore, and which do not
leave a channel of deep water within them, as may be seen in the charts
accompanying Captain B. Hall’s voyage to Loo Choo (see also remarks in
Appendix, pp. xxi. and xxv.). There are, however, some ports with deep
water, formed by reefs in front of valleys, in the same manner as
happens at Mauritius. Captain Beechey, in a letter to me, compares
these reefs with those encircling the Society Islands; but there
appears to me a marked difference between them, in the less distance at
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