Coral Reefs; Volcanic Islands; South American Geology — CompleteDarwin, Charles
Science
Coral Reefs; Volcanic Islands; South American Geology — Complete
Darwin, Charles
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Coral reefs and islands; Geology -- South America; Islands; Volcanoes
_Sahia de Malha_ bank consists of a series of narrow banks, with from
eight to sixteen fathoms on them; they are arranged in a semicircular
manner, round a space about forty fathoms deep, which slopes on the
S.E. quarter to unfathomable depths; they are steep-to on both sides,
but more especially on the ocean-side. Hence this bank closely
resembles in structure, and I may add from Captain Moresby’s
information in composition, the Pitt’s Bank in the Chagos group; and
the Pitt’s Bank, must, after what has been shown of the Great Chagos
Bank, be considered as a sunken, half-destroyed atoll; hence coloured
blue.—_Cargados Carajos Bank._ Its southern portion consists of a
large, curved, coral-shoal, with some low islets on its eastern edge,
and likewise some on the western side, between which there is a depth
of about twelve fathoms. Northward, a great bank extends. I cannot
(probably owing to the want of perfect charts) refer this reef and bank
to any class;—therefore not coloured.—_Ile de Sable_ is a little
island, lying west of C. Carajos, only some toises in height (“Voyage
of the _Favourite_,” vol. i, p. 130); it is surrounded by reefs; but
its structure is unintelligible to me. There are some small banks north
of it, of which I can find no clear account.—_Mauritius._ The reefs
round this island have been described in the chapter on fringing-reefs;
coloured red.—_Rodriguez._ The coral-reefs here are exceedingly
extensive; in one part they project even five miles from the shore. As
far as I can make out, there is no deep-water moat within them; and the
sea outside does not deepen very suddenly. The outline, however, of the
land appears to be (“Life of Sir J. Makintosh,” vol. ii, p. 165) hilly
and rugged. I am unable to decide whether these reefs belong to the
barrier class; as seems probable from their great extension, or to the
fringing class; uncoloured.—_Bourbon._ The greater part of the shores
of this island are without reefs; but Captain Carmichael (Hooker’s
“Bot. Misc.”) states that a portion, fifteen miles in length, on the
S.E. side, is imperfectly fringed with coral reefs: I have not thought
this sufficient to colour the island.
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