The Pope now receives the reverence of the Cardinals and Prelates present, who kiss his foot and face. He then goes to the altar where the Cardinal Deacon of St Laurence invests him in the Pallium, with the form already given. He then goes up to the altar and censes it, and returns to his seat, where he receives again the reverence of the Cardinals and Prelates. He then begins _Gloria in excelsis_, and says _Pax vobis_ and the Collect for the day and says secretly for himself another prayer[152]. Then he returns to his seat and the Laudes are sung: _Exaudi Christe._ _Domino nostro N. a Deo decreto summo Pontifici et universali Papae vita._ _Salvator mundi._ ℟. _Tu illum adiuva (ter)._ _Sancta Maria._ ℟. _Tu illum adiuva (bis)._ _Sancte Michael._ ℟. _Tu illum adiuva, etc., etc._ After the Laudes have been sung, Mass proceeds, the Epistle and Gospel being read in Greek as well as in Latin. At the conclusion of the Mass the Pope goes in procession to the staging erected on the steps at the west end of the Basilica of St Peter. There the ‘Prior diaconorum cardinalium’ removes his mitre, and sets the Tiara or Regnum, which is by this time adorned with three crowns, on his head, the people crying _Kyrie eleison_. The Pope then blesses the people and returns on horseback to the Lateran. This represents the final stage of the rite, except for one picturesque feature added in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. As the Pope leaves the chapel of St Gregory for his consecration, the Ceremoniarius lights a piece of tow on the end of a reed which flares for a moment and then goes out, saying, _Pater Sancte, sic transit gloria mundi_[153]. It will be seen that the Papal rite is very simple. It is clear that the ceremonies, with the Laudes and other acclamations[154], owe much to the Imperial coronation rite of early times, but have undergone very little change or development since the ninth century. CHAPTER XIV THE INTER-RELATION OF THE DIFFERENT RITES The coronation rite first appears in Constantinople, and was there a developed and religious form of the old ceremonies with which the accession of a new Emperor had always been observed. In the West a religious ceremony in connection with the accession of a king first appears in the seventh century in the Visigothic kingdom of Spain. Here we are told that the kings on their accession to the throne took an oath to govern justly, and were then solemnly anointed. But there is this noticeable point, that no mention is made of any crowning, and though the royal gear (_regius cultus_) is mentioned, there is no reference to an investiture of any kind.