As regards the West, we know that Unction was used at the sacring of the Visigothic kings in the eighth century and that it was used at the coronation of Pippin by Archbishop Boniface in the middle of the eighth century. In fact from the time of the original introduction of the coronation rite into the West, an unction seems to have been one of its features, and it is quite possible that it may have been an independent developement in the West. But is it so easy to think of the unction in the Eastern coronation rite as a feature borrowed from the West? So we must leave it at this, that while an unction was used in Spain in the seventh century, and is found in all Western coronation rites, on the other hand with regard to the East we can only say that it appears probably in the ninth century in the case of Basil the Macedonian, whatever may be the probabilities or possibilities of any earlier use of it. (2) THE VESTMENTS AND REGALIA All the Western coronation vestments are ultimately derived from the Byzantine use. The imperial Byzantine vestments[163] seem to be elaborations of the older official Roman dress. They appear to have become more or less fixed by the ninth century, and comprised the following: 1. The purple Buskins or Leggings. 2. The scarlet Shoes, originally a senatorial badge. 3. The Tunic or χιτών, probably white. 4. The Dibetesion or Sakkos, a gorgeous tunic very much like a dalmatic. 5. The Loros or Diadema, which was originally a folded _toga picta_, but became a long embroidered scarf folded about the neck and body with one end pendent in front and the other over the left arm. 6. The Chlamys, or imperial purple, by the thirteenth century a great cloak powdered with eagles and fastened on the right shoulder. In the time of Constantine Porphyrogenitus the Loros and Chlamys were not worn together, perhaps for the sake of convenience, but they were so worn together in the thirteenth century, though by the fourteenth century the Chlamys was again abandoned and the Sakkos sufficed for the imperial purple. There can be no doubt that the Western regal and imperial vestments are derived from the Eastern robes, for there is a close similarity between the two, though in process of time some of the least convenient have been gradually abandoned. The English vestments are as follows[164]: 1. Buskins and Hose, now no longer used. 2. Gloves. 3. The Colobium sindonis, a linen vestment of the shape of an alb, the Eastern χιτών. This vestment, which had sleeves up to the time of James II, is now sleeveless, and is also now divided at the side so that it can be put on the monarch, without being put over his head, and fastened on the shoulder. 4. The Tunicle or Dalmatic, which is the vestment worn by sub-deacon, deacon and bishop at mass. This again has in modern times been divided down the middle for convenience in putting on. This vestment is the Eastern Sakkos.