[footnnote] (Pliny, ii., 106; Seneca, 'Epist.' 79, 3, ed. Ruhkopf (Beaufort, 'Survey of the Coast of Karamania', 1820, art. Yanar, near Delktasch, the ancient Phaselis, p. 24). See also Ctesias, 'Fragm.', cap. 10 p. 250, ed. Bahr; Strabo, lib. xiv., p. 666, Casaub. ["Not far from the Deliktash, on the side of a mountain, is the perpetual fire described by Captain Beaufort. The travelers found it as brilliant as ever, and even somewhat increased; for, besides the large flame in the corner of the ruins described by Beaufort, there were small jets issuing from crevices in the side of the crater-like cavity five or six feet deep. At the bottom was a shallow pool of sulphureous and turbid water, regarded by the Turks as a sovereign remedy for all skin complaints. The soot deposited from the flames was regarded as efficacious for sore eyelids, and valued as a dye for the eyebrows." See the highly interesting and accurate work, 'Travels in Lycia', by Lieut. Spratt and Professor E. Forbes.] -- Tr. The observation made by Arago in 1821, that the deepest Artesian wells are the warmest,* threw great light on the origin of thermal springs, and on the establishment of the law that terrestrial heat increases with increasing depth. [footnote] *Arago, in the 'Annuaire pour' 1835, p. 234. It is a remarkable fact, which has but recently been noticed, that at the close of the third century, St. Patricus,* probably Bishop of Pertusa, was led to adopt very correct views regarding the phenomenon of the hot springs at Carthage. [footnote] *'Acta S. Patricii', p. 555, ed. Ruinart, t. ii., p. 385, Mazochi. Dureau de la Malle was the first to draw attention to this remarkable passage in the 'Recherches sur la Topographie de Carthage', 1835, p. 276. (See, also, Seneca, 'Nat. Quaest.', iii., 24.) On being asked what was the cause of boiling water bursting from the earth, he replied, "Fire is nourished in the clouds and in the interior p 224 of the earth, as Aetna and other mountains near Naples may teach you. The subterranean waters rise as if through siphons. The cause of hot springs is this: waters which are more remote from the subterranean fire are colder, while those which rise nearer the fire are heated by it, and bring with them to the surface which we inhabit an insupportable degree of heat." As earthquakes are often accompanied by eruptions of water and vapors, we recognize in the 'Salses',* of small mud volcanoes, a transition from the changing phenomena presented by these eruptions of vapor and thermal springs to the more powerful and awful activity of the streams of lava that flow from volcanic mountains.