[Footnote 18: Different sorts of guitars, common in Little Russia.] [Footnote 19: The Russians adorn their church images with metallic (_i.e_., copper, silver, and golden) covers, which reproduce, in basso-relievo, the painting which is placed under them, and of which nothing but the flesh parts of the painted saint (_i.e_. the face, the arms, hands, and sometimes the feet) are left visible. Some of the metallic cloths, as they are called, are very heavy and costly; upon some of them may be seen precious stones of great value.] [Footnote 20: That is, in the western part of Little Russia, subjected to Poland and governed by an elective prince _(hetman_), confirmed in his office by the King of Poland.] [Footnote 21: These statements, as well as the subsequent, are strictly historical. The vexations inflicted by Polish lords upon persons professing the Russian-Greek faith--not only at the times spoken of in this tale, but even within the present century--account sufficiently for the inveterate and indelible hatred with which Russians look upon Poles.] [Footnote 22: Truly historical.] [Footnote 23: The costume of the Polish Jews consists of a coat which goes down to the heels. On their feet they usually wear slippers. Their head is covered with a closely fitting skull cap, from beneath which on either side hands a long lock of hair which, together with their beard and mustachios, form the _sanctum sanctorum_ of their persona.] [Footnote 24: Common people in Russia, even now, use no socks or stockings; but strips of linen, in which they wrap their feet.] [Footnote 25: A proverbial expression still used by Russians.] [Footnote 26: _Voevoda_--governor of a city or province.] [Footnote 27: A dish somewhat like starch, much used in Russia by the common people.] [Footnote 28: The catacombs of the _Peckerskoï_ (_i.e_., of the caverns) cloister at Kieff, were, like those of Rome, the places of worship and of burial of cenobites, whose relics are still preserved there by the Russians.] [Footnote 29: The Polish Jewesses, when married, follow very strictly the prescription of their law to hide their hair and their ears; but, as a compensation for not showing their beautiful hair, and wearing no earrings, they wear wigs on their head, and pieces of cloth adorned with jewels over their ears.]