2-1/2 to 3 looms, with preparation, are reckoned to 1 indicated horse-power. _Coal._--A good quality of coal should evaporate 8lb. of water for each 1lb. burnt, and for a manufacturing concern (including sizing, which takes a great amount of steam) the consumption of coal should be about 3-1/4lb. per I.H.P. per hour. Thus 600 horse-power should use about 24 tons per week; excluding sizing, 2-3/4lb. would suffice. _To find the Circumference of a Circle._--Multiply the diameter by 3·1416 or (roughly) by 3-1/7. _To find the Area of a Circular Space._--Square the diameter and multiply by ·7854. _To find the Cubical Contents of a Rectangular Block._--Multiply the depth, length and breadth together. [Illustration] CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION. _TECHNOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS._ 19B.--COTTON MANUFACTURE. SECTION I.--COTTON SPINNING. =I. Syllabus.=--The Examination will include questions founded on such subjects as the following:-- 1. The geographical position of the world’s cotton fields, and suitable regions to which it may be introduced. 2. Cotton cultivation and the various causes of damage to the fibre during growing and picking seasons, with the dates of planting and picking in all cotton-growing countries. 3. The mode of preparing the raw material, cotton gins, ginning, packing, &c. Means and methods of adulteration. 4. Commercial handling of the raw material up to the spinning mill. 5. The nature and properties of the various kinds of raw material--Sea Island, Queensland, Fiji, Egyptian, New Orleans, Uplands, Boweds, Dollerah, Hinghinghat, Surat, Brazilian, &c. 6. The selection of, and advisability, or otherwise, of mixing various cottons with a view to the full utilization of every kind. 7. The development of and the principles involved in the construction of the several machines used in cotton spinning. 8. Cleaning cotton by opening, scrutching, carding and combing machines. 9. Processes of attaining a parallel arrangement of fibres by carding, and the attenuation of the sliver through drawing, slubbing, intermediate and finishing roving frames. 10. Spinning operations upon the throstle, mule, and ring frames. 11. The doubling of single yarns for lace, hosiery, sewing thread, and kindred purposes. 12. Warping and bundling for the home trade and export, with the accompanying processes of winding and reeling. 13. Packing and commercial dealing with yarns in the process of distribution. * * * * * In the Honours Examination more difficult questions in the above subjects will be set than in the Ordinary Grade.