Callieres, M. de, memorandum by, on French claims in Hudson's Bay, 204; commands regular troops in attack on Iroquois, 209; sent to France to represent situation of colony, 230; leads 800 men from Montreal to defence of Quebec, 292; commands vanguard in attack on Onondagas, 351; commended in despatches, 353; succeeds Frontenac as governor, 362 Canada, population of, 36, 55, 58, 131, 147, 148; poverty of, impresses Sister Margaret Bourgeoys, 39; morals of the people, 58, 59; over-governed, 131; trade, 148; affected by all the vicissitudes of Mother Country, 150, 151; "farmers" of revenue appointed for, 154; Bishop Saint Vallier's first description of country and inhabitants, 192; Governor Denonville's description, 192; Saint Vallier's revised opinion, 193; real character of the people, 193-5; state of depression throughout the country, 219, 240; drinking habits of people, 223; described by Laval as the country of miracles, 301; exhaustion of, after departure of New England fleet, 305, 317 Carignan-Salieres Regiment sent out, 51; some of the officers settle in Canada and become seigneurs, 57 Carion, officer at Montreal, refuses to recognize Frontenac's order for arrest of _coureurs de bois_, 91 Cartier, Jacques, voyages of, 1 Cataraqui, expedition of Courcelles to, 59; of Frontenac, 76-84; fort, known afterwards as Fort Frontenac, erected at, 83 Census of 1666, 55 Chambly, fort erected at, 51 Chambly, M. de, appointed governor of Acadia, 90, 269; taken prisoner to Boston and there set at liberty, 269; again governor, 270; governor of Grenada (W.I.), 270 Champigny, Jean Bochart de, intendant, 207; captures peaceful Indians for king's galleys, 215; on sufferings of expeditionary force sent against Mohawks, 322; complains of Frontenac's treatment of him, 336; opposes restoration of Fort Frontenac, 341 Champlain, Samuel de, early career of, 3; sails for St. Lawrence and explores river to Lachine rapids, 4; explores Baie des Chaleurs, returns to France, 5; accompanies de Monts to Acadia, 7; founder of Quebec, 8; plot against his life, 8; expedition against Iroquois, 9; returns to France and sails again for Canada, 10; returns to France, marries, and sails again for Canada, 11; prospects Island of Montreal, 12; returns to France (1611), sails for Canada (1613), again to France, again to Canada (1615), 13; brings out Recollet missionaries, 13; heads another expedition against Iroquois, 14; begins construction of Chateau St. Louis, 15; surrenders Quebec to English under Kirke, 20; landed in England, 21; urges restitution of Canada, 22; sails for Quebec (1633), 24; death of, 26 Chapais, M. Thos., his work on Talon referred to, 57 (note)