_9._ Trace the development of satirical writing from _1745-1830_. _10._ Name the source of any five of the following quotations: “O Sleep it is a gentle thing.” “How wonderful is Death, Death and his brother, Sleep.” “Where’er we tread, t’is haunted holy ground.” “The world is a comedy to those that think, A tragedy to those who feel.” “The man recovered of the bite, The dog it was that died.” “Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information on it.” “The child is father to the man.” “I stood tip-toe on a little hill.” “Here’s to the maiden of bashful fifteen, Here’s to the widow of fifty.” “Nobody is on my side.... Nobody feels for my poor nerves.” _Lesson 5 (1832-1920)._ PART I.--THE AGE OF TENNYSON (_1832-1870_). _Forces at Work._--This was an age of rapid change, and many events call for remark. Note especially the transcendental movement and its effects in England and America, the spread of democratic government, the raise of nationalism in Europe and its results on English poetry, the deep feeling for the working classes expressed in the Chartists and Christian Socialist movements, the Oxford Movement, the growth of commercial enterprise, the conventional outlook of the middle classes and the succeeding Pre-Raphaelite revolt, the beginnings of popular education and its effect on the reading public, especially in the development of magazines and newspapers, and also the cumulative effect of the new science on poetry, philosophy, history, and general outlook. _Literary Features._--As in the last age literature is abundant, the only weak section being the drama. In poetry and speculation the tendency is away from the hopeful expectations of the revolutionaries. Doubt and often despair is the note commonly struck. The old foundations are being undermined and man is seen to be not the easily perfectible animal he was thought to be. In work of a less philosophical character, the increased material prosperity of the middle classes tends towards conventionality, and the renewed interest in the past to imitative forms. The beginnings of the revolt occur in the fifties but it does not fully realise itself until the next period. In addition to the meditative element, narrative and lyric poetry are well represented. The most important event is the rise of the novel to the first place among literary forms. One must also notice the beginnings of the short story, the development of the literary lecture, and the popularity of the long essay, the new literary criticism and critical biography, and the rise of the scientific treatise to real literary rank. History is still chiefly “literary,” but there are tentative attempts at a philosophy of history and the beginnings of an application of scientific method to history.