_7._ STUDY AND RESEARCH.--(_a_) _Theology_: (_i_) _The Tractarians_--Newman. Keble. Pusey. (_ii_) _Liberals_--Whately. T. Arnold. Maurice. Thirlwall. Stanley. Church. (_b_) _Philosophy_: (_i_) Carlyle and transcendentalism. (_ii_) Hamilton, Mansel, and the “commonsense” school (_iii_) J. S. Mill and the utilitarians, (_iv_) H. Martineau, Lewes, and the Comtists. (_v_) Spencer, James Martineau. Buckle. Bagehot. (_c_) _Science_: Lyell. Miller. Chambers. Spencer. Darwin. Huxley. Wallace. _Scientific Travel_--Wallace. Bates. Borrow. Livingstone. Speke. Burton. (_d_) _Historians_: (_i_) _Students of Origins_--Kemble. Palgrave. Trench. Muller. (_ii_) _Ancient History_--Lewis. T. Arnold. Thirlwall. Grote. Finlay. Milman. (_iii_) _Literary Historians_--Carlyle. Macaulay. Hallam. Froude. Burton. (_iv_) _Scientific and Philosophical_--Buckle. Maine. (_v_) _Military history_--Napier. Kinglake. Kaye. (_e_) _Biographers_: Carlyle. _See also_ Essayists, Sec. (_a_). AMERICAN LITERATURE (_1830-1865_). _1._ POETRY.--(_a_) _The New Englanders_: Longfellow. Whittier. Lowell. Holmes. Emerson. Willis. (_b_) _The Southerners_: Poe. Lanier. Timrod. (_c_) _The Middle States_: Halleck. Drake. B. Taylor. Holland. Boker. Whitman. _2._ THE DRAMA.--Bird. Smith. Conrad. Boker. _3._ THE NOVEL.--(_a_) _The Romancers_: Hawthorne. Poe. Kennedy. Simms. Melville. (_b_) _Novel of Manners_: Stowe. Winthrop. O’Brien. “Ik Marvel.” (_c_) _The Short Story_: Hawthorne. Poe. Cooke. _4._ THE HUMORISTS.--(_a_) Seba Smith. Haliburton. “Josh Billings.” “Artemus Ward.” D. R. Locke, (_b_) Saxe. Leland. Whittier. Lowell. Holmes. _5._ ESSAYISTS AND CRITICS.--Emerson. Ticknor. Poe. Lowell. Hudson. Willis. Tuckerman. Grant White. Whipple. Curtis. _Natural History Essay_: Thoreau. Burroughs. _6._ POLITICAL WRITINGS AND ORATORY.--Webster. Clay. Choate. Phillips. _7._ STUDY AND RESEARCH.--(_a_) _Philosophy and Religion_: Channing. Alcott. Parker. Emerson. Fuller. Thoreau. Bushnell. Beecher. Hopkins. (_b_) _History_: Bancroft. Prescott. Motley. Parkman. _8._ CHILDREN’S WRITERS.--Sedgwick. Child. Warner. Finley. Whitney. Goodrich. Abbott. Dana. LATER VICTORIAN AND GEORGIAN AGE (_1870-1920_).