==============+=============================++============================== | Wealth, 1885-86. || Wealth, 1890-93 (Bodio). |----------+-------+----------++----------+--------+---------- | Maximum. | Mean. | Minimum. || Maximum. | Mean. | Minimum. --------------+----------+-------+----------++----------+--------+---------- Fraud | 70.6 | 66.0 | 43.0 || 55.13 | 39.45 | 37.39 Sexual crimes | 15.6 | 13.4 | 19.4 || 16.15 | 15.28 | 21.49 Thefts | 206.0 | 143.0 | 148.0 || 361.28 | 329.51 | 419.05[92] Homicides | 11.3 | 17.0 | 23.0 || 8.34 | 13.39 | 15.40 ==============+==========+=======+==========++==========+========+========== Professor Lombroso draws the conclusion, “that fraudulent crimes increase positively with the increase of wealth, and the same is true of thefts, but if we add rural thefts we get the maximum where wealth is least; and this last is always true of homicides.” [93] “The results for sexual crimes are more unexpected. They show their minimum in Italy where wealth is moderate, and their maximum where there is the minimum of wealth. Italy thus presents an exception, as the usual course of sexual crimes is to increase with the increase of wealth.” [94] Another way of estimating the wealth of a country is by means of the inheritance tax. For different Italian provinces the following results are thus obtained: (Indictments. Average to 100,000 Population, 1887–89.) ===========+=========+=========+=========+============+============+========== | Average | Thefts. | Frauds. | Highway | Homicides. | Assaults. | Wealth. | | | Robberies. | | -----------+---------+---------+---------+------------+------------+---------- Latium | 3333 | 639 | 116 | 18 | 25 | 513 Piedmont } | | | | | | Liguria } | 2746 | 267 | 44 | 7 | 7 | 164 Lombardy | 2400 | 227 | 44 | 3 | 3 | 124 Tuscany | 2164 | 211 | 34 | 6 | 7 | 165 Venice | 1935 | 389 | 43 | 3 | 4 | 98 Reggio | 1870 | 320 | 49 | 7 | 13 | 287 Emilia | 1762 | 250 | 38 | 6 | 6 | 130 Sicily | 1471 | 346 | 65 | 16 | 26 | 410 Naples | 1333 | 435 | 47 | 6 | 21 | 531 Marches } | | | | | Umbria } | 1227 | 222 | 33 | 3 | 10 | 239 Sardinia | -- | 670 | 113 | 14 | 20 | 277 ===========+=========+=========+=========+============+============+==========