Sexual crimes with persons under 16 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 All sexual crimes | 5.1 | 7.1 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 5.7 Rebellion | 25.9 | 37.0 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 29.0 Assaults | 74.4 | 98.2 | 43.2 | 20.1 | 80.1 Serious assaults | 8.5 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 1.9 | 9.1 Homicide and murder | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 ====================================+=============+===========+=======+===========+============= The results are the following, then: the first place is almost always occupied by the Catholics, the second by the Protestants, and then come the Jews (except in cases of receiving stolen goods, embezzlement, and fraud), and the minimum of criminality (in all crimes without exception) is shown by the irreligious! Here we have not the task of explaining this fact, we only bring it out; and we have the right to declare that the thesis: “irreligion leads to crime”, is not correct. CHAPTER VII. THE THIRD SCHOOL [229] AND THE SOCIALISTS. I. F. TURATI. In the first chapter of his “Il delitto e la questione sociale”, the author shows that among the numerous misfortunes from which the proletariat suffers, this must be reckoned, that it is almost exclusively from its ranks that criminals are recruited. “The criminal tribute is the almost exclusive privilege of one social class. And as the bourgeoisie has so far thought out no better plan than to oppose the degradation of crime with another degradation called punishment, it has come about that to the monopoly of the criminal tribute is added, for the poor, the monopoly of the penal tribute.” [230] After having spoken, in the following chapter, of “free will”, Dr. Turati gives his attention to an opinion of Dr. Lelorrain, who says that we must modify man if we wish to make criminality disappear or decrease. Dr. Turati objects that it is exceedingly difficult to change man, and that there is an easier and more effective way, namely to change society. In a society where everything is bad, where the exploitation of one by the other is the rule, where the enjoyment of some goes on at the detriment of others, and this under the protection of the law—in such a society there is a perpetual incitement to crime. It is the ideal of socialism to create a society in which crime shall be neither necessary nor advantageous. However short its duration, the colony of New Lanark founded by Owen, is one of the best proofs of the correctness of this idea. In a society formed in accordance with this socialistic ideal, crime would appear only exceptionally, by atavism, for example, and would cease to be a general and always threatening danger.