[Footnote 302: For the valuable letters of the Italian ambassadors at the time of the Conclave see _L'Elezione del Papa Paolo III._ (1907) by P. Accame. An almost contemporary biography of Paul is given in the _Vitæ et Res Gestæ Romanorum Pontificum_ of Ciaconius.] [Footnote 303: XI., 19-20.] [Footnote 304: See, for this aspect of Paul's Pontificate, an article by L. Cardauns, "Paul III., Karl V., und Franz I.," in _Quellen und Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven_, Bd. XI., Heft I., pp. 147-244. The writer holds that an alliance with Charles was advisable with a view to crush Protestantism. There is certainly much evidence that Paul wished to discover which of the rival monarchs would do most for his children, yet he assuredly had a sincere desire for neutrality.] [Footnote 305: See _Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland_, edited by W. Friedensberg, V. 140 and 59. Many useful documents will also be found in H. Loemmer's _Monumenta Vaticana historiam ecclesiasticam sæculi XVI. illustrantia_, 1861.] [Footnote 306: See the report of the Venetian ambassador in _Le Relazioni degli ambasciatori Veneti_, edited by C. Alberi, 1st series.] [Footnote 307: E. Dietrich, _Kardinal Contarini_ (1885), p. 565.] [Footnote 308: This curious side-light on the history of the Reformation is given, in a document reproduced from the secret archives of the Vatican, by Dr. Pastor (xi., 431).] [Footnote 309: Farnese's letter to the Pope is reproduced by A. von Druffel, _Karl V. und die Römische Kurie_, ii., 57.] [Footnote 310: It is described in A. Armand, _Les Médailleurs Italiens_, i., 172.] [Footnote 311: See Pallavicini's _Istoria del Consilio di Trento_, bks. vi. and vii.] CHAPTER XVI SIXTUS V. AND THE NEW CHURCH