In a closed vessel, such for instance as a glass tube sealed with the
aid of the blowpipe after the introduction of the solution, on cooling
after heating to a temperature superior to that of saturation, the first
shower never falls at all, no amount of shaking inducing the deposition
of crystals at the ordinary saturation point, proving that the slight
shower of the experiment in the open vessel is due to crystal-germs
introduced from the atmosphere. The second shower of crystals falls at
the lower temperature just as before, however, at the temperature of the
supersolubility curve, indicating that this shower is due in both cases
to spontaneous crystallisation. Solutions thus enclosed in sealed tubes,
to which inoculating dust crystals cannot have access, can never be made
to crystallise at any temperature higher than that given by the
supersolubility curve, however agitated, although they immediately do
crystallise, if shaken, as soon as that temperature is reached during
the cooling. If allowed to remain absolutely quiet, however, the
temperature may fall considerably lower before any crystallisation
occurs, the labile region being frequently well penetrated before this
happens. When crystallisation does supervene, the temperature usually
rises somewhat. After the labile shower has been deposited, the crystals
continue to grow steadily further, until the metastable region has been
traversed, and the saturation state is eventually reached, when final
equilibrium is produced.
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