[42]Socrates intimates that the hiring of a large retinue of servants, and the purchase of an expensive flute, went very far towards establishing a reputation as a skillful flutist. [43]Physcon was a nickname signifying thick belly. [44]Müller, Gesch. d. Griech. Lit. v. 1, p. 380. [45]Müller, Gesch. v. 1, p. 399. [46]Müller, Ges. v. 1, p. 394. [47]At seven years old the study was usually commenced. [48]See O. Müller, Gesch. v. 2, p. 44 [49]The lips of the tragic mask were usually half open. [50]Gesch. d. Griech. Lit. p. 44 [51]Some Dithyrambic poets kept a band of flute-players to accompany their choruses. [52]There was, and possibly is still, in some parts of Italy, a custom analogous to this, when the director of the orchestra marked time by rapping his baton regularly on his music stand instead of simply waving it. [53]Thucydides also gives an unfavorable picture of Cleon. Grote in his History of Greece, defends Cleon’s character. [54]Müller, p. 207, v. 2. [55]_De Saltatione_ [56]Czerwinski, Geschichte d. tanz kunst, p. 19. [57]Lucian, _de Saltatione_. [58]Czerwinski, Gesch. d. Tanz k. [59]Phillina, in dialogues of the Hetaræ. [60]O. Müller, Gesch. d. Griech. Lit. v. 2, p. 210. [61]Valerius Maximus, Book 2, x. [62]Book 2. s. iv [63]These are still used in Italy, and their performers are called Zam pognari. The derivation is obvious. [64]Chappell, in his History of Music, is the most lucid of these. [65]See Fetis’ Hist. Gen. de la Musique. [66]Fetis, Hist. v. 8. [67]Gevært, Hist. de la Mus. de l’ant. p 56. [68]Tacitus, Bk. IV. [69]Gevært, Mus. de l’ant. p. 58. [70]Tacitus, Bk. I. [71]Lucian, _de Saltatione_. [72]Lucian, _de Saltatione_. [73]Lucian, ibid. [74]Seneca. [75]Suetonius, Calig. LIV. [76]Suetonius, Vesp. XIX. [77]Letters of Julian, No. 56. [78]Tacitus, Bk. XX. [79]Suetonius, XX. [80]Tacitus, XV. [81]Suet. Nero, XXI. [82]Tacitus, Bk. XXI. [83]Suetonius, Nero. XXIII. [84]See chapter on Games of Greece. [85]Nero however sometimes took part in other contests, he was as poor and persistent a charioteer as magician. [86]Tacitus, Book XVI. [87]In the early historical part of this article, we have mainly followed the dates used by La Fage. [88]Ambros, Gesch. d. Mus. p. 20, v. 1. [89]Amiot, Abrege Chron. p. 201. [90]Chinese annals claim that their empire was founded 80,000 or 100,000 years B. C. Fo-hi’s reign is fixed by some at about 2,250 B. C. [91]Amiot, De la Mus. des Chinois, p. 54. [92]Amiot, p. 57. [93]It is singular that a similar personage exists in the Hindoo mythology. [94]Quoted by La Fage, Hist. de Mus., p. 47. [95]La Fage, p. 50. [96]Amiot, de la Mus. des Chinois, p. 11. [97]P. 63. Mus. des Chinois. [98]La Fage, 69. De Mailla, 191. [99]Amiot, de la Mus. de Chin., p. 33. [100]Ambros, Gesch. der Musik, p. 27, v. 1. [101]Ambros, Gesch. d Mus. p. 32. [102]Pieces for the Clavichord in the style of Rameau.