All of these explanations proceed upon the assumption that Eros cannot
have a simple globular figure like that of a typical planet, a figure
which is prescribed by the law of gravitation, but that its shape is
what may be called accidental; in a word, it is a _fragment,_ for it
seems impossible to believe that a body formed in interplanetary space,
either through nebular condensation or through the aggregation of
particles drawn together by their mutual attractions, should not be
practically spherical in shape. Nor is Eros the only asteroid that
gives evidence by variations of brilliancy that there is something
abnormal in its constitution; several others present the same
phenomenon in varying degrees. Even Vesta was regarded by Olbers as
sufficiently variable in its light to warrant the conclusion that it
was an angular mass instead of a globe. Some of the smaller ones show
very notable variations, and all in short periods, of three or four
hours, suggesting that in turning about one of their axes they present
a surface of variable extent toward the sun and the earth.
The theory which some have preferred—that the variability of light is
due to the differences of reflective power on different parts of the
surface—would, if accepted, be hardly less suggestive of the origin of
these little bodies by the breaking up of a larger one, because the
most natural explanation of such differences would seem to be that they
arose from variations in the roughness or smoothness of the reflecting
surface, which would be characteristic of fragmentary bodies. In the
case of a large planet alternating expanses of land and water, or of
vegetation and desert, would produce a notable variation in the amount
of reflection, but on bodies of the size of the asteroids neither water
nor vegetation could exist, and an atmosphere would be equally
impossible.
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