Manners and customs; Rites and ceremonies -- Great Britain
A singular custom was wont to prevail at Gainsborough, of distributing
penny loaves on the occasion of a funeral, to whosoever might demand them.
Prior to the Reformation it was a common practice for our ancestors to
direct in their wills that doles of bread and other alms should be given
to the poor at their funerals; by this they performed a double
act--relieving the corporal wants of the poor, and securing their prayers
for the repose of their own souls. In some parts of Yorkshire, and
elsewhere, it is still customary to send to friends immediately after
death a paper bag of biscuits, and a card with the name, etc., of the
deceased; this would not appear to be connected with a dole to purchase
prayers, and may possibly find an origin in, and be the last remains of,
the ancient ceremonial of the pagan burial feasts. At Amersden, in
Oxfordshire, it was the custom at the burial of every corpse for a cake
and flagon of ale to be given to the minister in the church porch
immediately after the funeral.
The curious and repulsive practice of sin eating is now obsolete. Aubrey,
in "Remains of Gentilisme and Judaisme," thus refers to it:--
"In the County of Hereford was an old custome at funeralls to have
poor people who were to take upon them the sinnes of the party
deceased. The manner was that when the corps was brought out of the
house and layd on the Biere, a Loafe of Bread was brought out, and
delivered to the Sinne eater over the corps, so also a Mazer-bowle of
Maple full of beer, w{ch} he was to drinke up, and six pence in money,
in consideration whereof he took upon him all the sinnes of the
Defunct, and freed him (or her) from walking after they were dead."
The origin of this strange custom was most likely connected in some way
with the ceremony of the Scape Goat under the old Law. (Leviticus, cap.
xvi., v. 21).
Tradition authorises the expectation that our Lord will appear in the
east; therefore all the faithful dead are buried with their feet towards
the east to meet Him. Hence in Wales the east wind is called "The wind of
the dead men's feet." The eastern portion of a churchyard is always
looked on as the most honoured--next the south--then the west, and last of
all the north, from the belief that in this order the dead will rise. A
curious instance of this belief is furnished by an epitaph on a tombstone,
dated 1807, on the north side of Epworth Churchyard, Lincolnshire, the
last two lines of which run as follow:--
"And that I might longer undisturbed abide
I choosed to be laid on this Northern side."
Felons, and notorious bad characters, were frequently buried on the north
side of the church.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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