April 7--Turks take Ardahan from the Armenians. April 11--British in Palestine advance their line to a depth of one and a half miles on a front of five miles, and capture the villages of El Kefr and Rafat. April 17--Turks capture Batum. ITALIAN CAMPAIGN March 22--Fighting becomes more active along the entire front; Italians drive back patrols on the Trentino front and eject an Austrian detachment from an advanced post in the Frenzela Valley sector. March 28--Artillery engagements east of Badeneoche; forty Austrian divisions transferred to the Italian front. AERIAL RECORD James Ian Macpherson, Parliamentary Secretary of the British War Office, announced in the British Commons on March 19 that 255 flights into Germany, constituting 38 raids, had been made since last October, and that forty-eight tons of bombs had been dropped. Italians bombed Metz on the nights of March 17 and March 23 and the railway station at Thionville on March 24. Paris was raided on the night of April 12 and twenty-six were persons killed and seventy-two wounded. Bombs were dropped on the east coast of England on the night of April 12. Five persons were killed and fifteen injured. NAVAL RECORD Ostend was bombarded by British monitors on March 21. On the same day two German destroyers and two torpedo boats were sunk off Dunkirk by British and French destroyers. The Alexander Agassiz, a small boat formerly of American registry, which was outfitted by the Germans at Mazatlan for service as a raider, was captured in the Pacific Ocean by an American cruiser on March 19. The Belgian relief ship Flandres was sunk by a mine on April 11. The German transport Frankland struck a mine and sank at Noorland, March 22, and all on board, including Admiral von Meyrer, were drowned. Ten German trawlers were sunk by the British in the Cattegat on April 15. RUSSIA, RUMANIA, AND POLAND Leon Trotzky asked the American military mission for ten American officers to aid as inspectors in organizing and training a new volunteer army, and requested the aid of American railway engineers and transportation experts in the reorganization of the railways, March 20. The same day he addressed the Moscow Soviet, calling for a new army of from 300,000 to 750,000, commanded by trained officers. Japanese and British marines were landed at Vladivostok on April 5, following the invasion of a Japanese office by five armed Russians, who killed one Japanese and wounded two others. The Siberian Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates protested to the Consular Corps, but the Japanese representatives at Vologda explained that the landing was only a local incident and that Admiral Kato had acted on his own initiative.