M. Duval, manager of the Bonnet Rouge, and his associates, Leymarie and Marion, directors of the paper; Goldsky and Landau, journalists, and two minor men named Joucla and Vercasson, were placed on trial in Paris on charges of treason and espionage, on April 29. On May 15, Duval was sentenced to death for treason, and the six other defendants were sentenced to imprisonment for terms ranging from two to ten years. The British Government replied to the note of the Netherlands Government concerning the taking over of Dutch ships on May 1, and asserted the full legality of the seizure. A London dispatch, dated April 24, announced that Germany had sent an ultimatum to Holland demanding the right of transit for civilian supplies and sand and gravel. Holland yielded to these demands on April 28, with the stipulation that the sand and gravel should not be used for war purposes. On May 5, Foreign Minister Loudon announced in the Dutch Chamber that Germany had promised to transport no troops or military supplies and to limit the amount of sand and gravel. Persia informed Holland, on May 3, that it regarded as null and void all treaties imposed upon Persia in recent years, and especially the Russo-British treaty of 1907 regarding the spheres of influence. [Illustration] German Losses On All Fronts One Estimate Reaches 5,600,000 Karl Bleibtreu, the German military statistician, writing in Das Neue Europa of April 22, gives the German losses from Aug. 2, 1914, to Jan. 31, 1918, as 4,456,961 men. His figures deal exclusively with those killed in action or taken prisoner. They are official from Aug. 2, 1914, till July 31, 1917, and are then estimated to Jan. 31, 1918. His figures and comment read: WESTERN FRONT 1914 August 172,500 November 93,000 September 214,500 December 50,200 October 139,600 -------- Total 669,800 1915 Jan. and Feb 66,000 August 105,400 March (?)61 Sept. and Oct 119,450 April 42,500 November 57,500 May 112,500 December 57,750 June and July 152,300 -------- Total 713,461 1916 January 18,100 July 86,650 February 17,800 August 148,000 March 51,300 September 119,800 April 72,650 October 125,000 May 64,000 November 87,100 June 54,850 December 56,000 -------- Total 901,250 1917