+------------------+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+ VI. THE MYSTIC ROSE OF PARADISE [Illustration] VII. PRINCIPAL SOVEREIGNS CONTEMPORARY WITH DANTE (1265-1321) POPES CLEMENT IV, 1265-1268. [_Purg._ iii. 125.] B. GREGORY X, 1271-1276. B. INNOCENT V, 1276. ADRIAN V, 1276. [_Purg._ xix. 88-145.] JOHN XXI, 1276-1277. [_Par._ xii. 134.] NICHOLAS III, 1277-1280. [_Inf._ xix. 31 _et seq._] MARTIN IV, 1281-1285. [_Purg._ xxiv. 20-24.] HONORIUS IV, 1285-1287. NICHOLAS IV, 1288-1292. ST. CELESTINE V, 1294. [_Inf._ iii. 59-60; _Inf._ xxvii. 105.] BONIFACE VIII, 1294-1303. [_Inf._ xix. 52-57, 76-78; xxvii. 70-111; _Purg._ viii. 131; xx. 85-90; xxxii. 153-156; _Par._ ix. 126; xii. 90; xvii. 50; xxvii. 22; xxx. 148.] B. BENEDICT XI, 1303-1304. [_Epist._ i. 1. Nowhere else mentioned in Dante’s works, though some identify him, rather than Boniface, with the ‘defunct high-priest’ of _Epist._ viii. 10.] CLEMENT V, 1305-1314. [_Inf._ xix. 82-87; _Purg._ xxxii. 157-160; _Par._ xvii. 82; xxvii. 58; xxx. 142-148; _Epist._ v. 10; vii. 7; viii. 4.] JOHN XXII, 1316-1334. [_Par._ xviii. 130-136; xxvii. 58.] EMPERORS RUDOLPH OF HAPSBURG, 1273-1291. [_Purg._ vi. 103; vii. 94-96; _Par._ viii. 72; _Conv._ iv. 3.] ADOLPH OF NASSAU, 1292-1298. [_Conv._ iv. 3.] ALBERT OF HAPSBURG, 1298-1308. [_Purg._ vi. 97 _et seq._; _Par._ xix. 115; _Conv._ iv. 3.] HENRY OF LUXEMBURG, HENRY VII, 1308-1313. [_Purg._ vii. 96; _Par._ xvii. 82; xxx. 133-138; _Epist._ v., vi., vii., vii.*, vii.**, vii.***] LOUIS OF BAVARIA, 1314-1347. KINGS OF FRANCE ST. LOUIS IX, 1226-1270. [Not mentioned by Dante; unless, perhaps, indirectly in _Purg._ vii. 127-129, and xx. 50.] PHILIP III, 1270-1285. [_Purg._ vii. 103-105.] PHILIP IV, 1285-1314. [_Inf._ xix. 87; _Purg._ vii. 109-111; xx. 91-93; xxxii. 152; _Par._ xix. 120; _Epist._ viii. 4.] LOUIS X, 1314-1316. PHILIP V, 1316-1322. KINGS OF ENGLAND HENRY III, 1216-1272. [_Purg._ vii. 131.] EDWARD I, 1272-1307. [_Purg._ vii. 132; _Par._ xix. 122.] EDWARD II, 1307-1327. KINGS OF NAPLES AND SICILY MANFRED OF SUABIA, 1258-1266. [_Purg._ iii. 103-145; _V. E._ i. 12.] CHARLES I OF ANJOU, 1266-1282. [_Inf._ xix. 99; _Purg._ vii. 113, 124; xi. 137; xx. 67-69.] (After the Vespers of Palermo, Sicily under House of Aragon separated from Angevin Naples.) KINGS OF NAPLES[A] CHARLES I OF ANJOU, 1282-1285. CHARLES II OF ANJOU, 1285-1309. [_Purg._ v. 69. vii. 126; xx. 79; _Par._ vi. 106; viii. 72; xix. 127-129; xx. 63; _Conv._ iv. 6; V. E. i. 12.] ROBERT OF ANJOU, 1309-1343. [_Par._ viii. 76-84, 147; _Epist._ vii. 7; perhaps the ‘Golias’ of _Epist._ vii. 8.] KINGS OF SICILY[42] PETER III OF ARAGON, 1282-1285. JAMES II OF ARAGON, 1285-1296. FREDERICK II OF ARAGON, 1296-1337.