[Footnote 97: Stainton's _Manual of Butterflies and Moths_, vol. i. p. 93; E.B. Poulton, _Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. of London_, 1887, pp. 191-274.] [Footnote 98: See _Transactions of the Linnean Society_, vol. xxiii. pp. 495-566, coloured plates.] [Footnote 99: These butterflies are now divided into two sub-families, one of which is placed with the Danaidae; but to avoid confusion I shall always speak of the American genera under the old term Heliconidae.] [Footnote 100: R. Meldola in _Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist._, Feb. 1878, p. 158.] [Footnote 101: See _Trans. Linn. Soc._, vol. xxv. Wallace, on Variation of Malayan Papilionidae; and, Wallace's _Contributions to Natural Selection_ chaps. iii. and iv., where full details are given.] [Footnote 102: See _Trans. Linn. Soc._, vol. xxvi., with two coloured plates illustrating cases of mimicry.] [Footnote 103: Edwards's _Butterflies of North America_, second series, part vi.] [Footnote 104: Professor Meldola informs me that he has recorded another case of mimicry among British moths, in which Acidalia subsericata imitates Asthena candidata. See _Ent. Mo. Mag._, vol. iv. p. 163.] [Footnote 105: From Professor Meldola's translation of Dr. F. Müller's paper, in _Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond._, 1879, p. xx.] [Footnote 106: _Island Life_, p. 255.] [Footnote 107: This extension of the theory of mimicry was pointed out by Professor Meldola in the paper already referred to; and he has answered the objections to Dr. F. Müller's theory with great force in the _Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist._, 1882, p. 417.] [Footnote 108: Godman and Salvin's _Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera_, vol. iii. part ii., and vol. v.] [Footnote 109: _Trans. Ent. Soc._, 1885, p. 369.] [Footnote 110: _Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc._, vol. iii. part ii., 1877.] [Footnote 111: _Compte-Rendu de la Société Entomologique de Belgaue_, series ii., No. 59, 1878.] [Footnote 112: _Nature_, vol. xxxiv. p. 547.] [Footnote 113: _Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. of London_, 1870, p. 369.] [Footnote 114: _The Naturalist in Nicaragua_, p. 321.] [Footnote 115: Mr. Belt first suggested this use of the light of the Lampyridae (fireflies and glow-worms)--_Naturalist in Nicaragua_, p. 320. Mr. Verrill and Professor Meldola made the same suggestion in the case of medusae and other phosphorescent marine organisms (_Nature_, vol. xxx. pp. 281, 289).] [Footnote 116: W.E. Armit, in _Nature_, vol. xviii. p. 642.] [Footnote 117: _Proc. Ent. Soc._, 1869, p. xiii.] CHAPTER X COLOURS AND ORNAMENTS CHARACTERISTIC OF SEX