Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.Thomas, Cyrus
Religion
Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.
Thomas, Cyrus
Maya calendar
I was at first inclined to adopt Dr Seler's suggestion that the
distinguishing feature of the symbol might have been taken from the
dog's ears as given in the codices. However, a more thorough examination
leads me to doubt this suggestion. The little black clots or blocks on
the bent line appear here, as in the _chicchan_ symbol, to be the most
prominent and essential elements of the symbol. As they do not appear in
the ear figures, it seems impossible that the character should have been
derived from these figures. It is more likely that they represent the
knots on a string or cord; and this supposition appears to be sustained
by the fact that the Maya word _hok_, according to Brasseur, signifies
"a knot, hook;" and _hokal_ "to be knotted, formed of knots." Perez says
"_hok_, el lazo formado para anudar;" "_hokol_, lazarse para anudarse la
cuerda." If this supposition be correct, the symbol is used for the day
because of its phonetic value, and without any reference to its original
signification.
THE ELEVENTH DAY
Maya, _chuen_; Tzental, _batz_; Quiche-Cakchiquel, _batz_; Zapotec,
_loo_; Nahuatl, _ozomatli_.
The symbol of this day is subject to few and slight variations. The form
given by Landa, which is also quite common in most of the codices,
especially Tro. and Cort., is shown in plate LXV, 64. Slight variants
are shown in LXV, 65, 66, and 67. An exceptional and peculiar form from
Dres. 32b is seen in LXV, 68. A form from the Perez codex in which an
eye is introduced is given at LXV, 69. The character on the Palenque
Tablet and some other inscriptions, which is supposed to be the symbol
of this day, is shown at LXV, 70, but the proof that it is, in these
cases, the day symbol is not so conclusive as that in regard to other
day symbols, as no method of bringing it into relation with the other
time symbols of the inscriptions has been found.
A closely corresponding form is seen in the symbol for the mouth _Tzec_
as found in the Dres. Codex (see plate LXV, 71). If the glyphs are in
any sense phonetic, it is probable that in the comb-like appendage to
this symbol (Landa's _ca_) we have the _'c_ (_'k_) sound, and that the
variation in the main character from the usual _chuen_ glyph (in having
the bounding line open and turned right and left at the top) is
indicative of the variation in the phonetic value. The explanation of
the symbol, which replaces the eye in the dog or panther like figure in
Tro. 32c and 33c, and is alluded to by Dr Seler in this connection
(LXVI, 1), has already been given under the discussion of the "Third
Day." There, as I have shown, it probably indicates the Maya word
_choco_, "heat, warmth," alluding to the hot, dry season which parches
and shrivels up the growing corn. This explanation retains the phonetic
value of the symbol, and it appears also to be entirely consistent with
the figures found in connection with it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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