Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.Thomas, Cyrus
Religion
Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.
Thomas, Cyrus
Maya calendar
There is another symbol closely allied in form (plate LXVI, 2) which is
of frequent occurrence in the codices, usually, and, in fact, almost
exclusively, in the picture spaces, and apparently bearing some relation
to the offerings. It is often in groups, and is many times repeated in
groups on the so-called "title pages" of the Tro. and Cort. manuscripts.
It, however, frequently occurs in the form seen in the dog's eye (LXVI,
1), grouped as the other (Dres., 25a, etc) and undoubtedly used as an
equivalent, as we find numerals attached as with the other form. The
only distinction, as will be observed, is the presence or absence of the
little divided square at the top. As that with the divided square is
more detailed, it is probably the correct form, and, if so, can not be
distinguished from the _Chuen_ symbol.
On Dres. 29b, 30b, and 31b the symbol shown in plate LXVI, 3, is found
in each group of characters. This bears a close resemblance to the
symbol for the month _Tzec_, but varies in some important respects, as
will be seen by comparison. The appendix, as I am inclined to believe,
gives the _ah_, _ha_, or _hal_ sound, and shows that it is a verb or
word indicating action. As we find in each group the figure or symbol of
a food animal, the whole series may be supposed to relate to feasts, or
eating, or the collection of food. This suggestion is strengthened by
the fact that the _kan_ or maize symbol is placed in connection with the
animal figures. It is possible, therefore, that this character may be
correctly rendered by _tziclim_ (_tziclimtah_), "to distribute, share,
divide among many." As it is followed in each case by a cardinal-point
symbol, and the symbol of the double tongued or toothed deity, probably
Itzamna, is found in each group, it is probable that the text relates to
religious festivals. This interpretation, however, is a mere suggestion
or guess, which as yet I am unable to fortify by any other evidence than
the resemblance of the main character to the _Tzec_ symbol.
[Illustration: PL. LXVI COPIES OF GLYPHS FROM THE CODICES]
The Nahuatl, Tzental, and Quiche-Cakchiquel names of this day are the
ordinary terms in these languages for "monkey." Dr Brinton thinks the
Maya name, which does not appear to have any signification in this
language as a separate word (though _chuenche_ is "aborao, tuble," "a
certain tree"), is derived from a Tzental term, _chiu_, which is applied
to a particular species of monkey. He and Dr Seler refer to the _chouen_
in a legend of the Popol Vuh, which undoubtedly stands in close relation
to _batz_ or "monkey," there spoken of as _hunbatz_. As these words in
the Quiche myth appear unquestionably to refer to a species of the
monkey tribe, or mythical persons under the symbolism of monkeys, the
conclusion they reach is probably correct, and justifies the belief that
the Maya name should be interpreted "monkey."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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