Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.Thomas, Cyrus
Religion
Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.
Thomas, Cyrus
Maya calendar
According to the interpretation given LXVII, 22 and 24, the compound
symbol shown at 26, from Dres. 35b and 34b, should be rendered _Yokcabil
muyal_, "the cloud above." As we see in both places, in the picture
under the text, the looped serpent inclosing water, which Dr Seler
considers the "water sack" or cloud, this interpretation is appropriate.
As further confirmation of the interpretation given LXVII, 22, attention
is called to the picture in Tro. 32*c over which the same symbol is
found. Here the allusion is doubtless to the basket-like covering over,
or "above," the black deity lying on a mat.
THE EIGHTEENTH DAY
Maya, _edznab_ or _ezanab_; Tzental, _chinax_; Quiche-Cakchiquel,
_tihax_; Zapotec, _gopaa_; Nahuatl, _tecpatl_.
The form of the symbol of this day varies but little in the codices, as
shown by plate LXVII, 28-31. It is seldom found in this form in
combination. If its equivalent is given in these, it is of the form
shown in 33. It is, however, occasionally seen on articles of stone, as
the spearpoint (32) and stone hatchet (34) and sacrificial knife. It
also appears in the symbol for the stone mortar (36) from Tro. 19c.
Before discussing its signification and probable origin we will give the
significations which have been suggested of the different names of the
day.
The signification of the Nahuatl name--_tecpatl_--is "flint." Dr Brinton
says, "especially the flint-stone knife used in sacrificing, to cut the
victim." Dr Seler finds agreement in the Tzental name from a statement,
by Nuñez de la Vega, that the symbol _chinax_, or rather the tutelary
god of the same, was a great warrior, who was always represented in the
calendars with a banner in his hand, and that he was slain and burned by
the nagual of another heathen symbol. Dr Brinton states that the name
"is an old or sacred form of the usual _zni-nax_, 'knife.'" The literal
meaning of the Cakchiquel _tihax_ is, according to Ximenes, "it bites,
scraping" (muerde rasgando). Dr Seler, however, affirms that Ximenes
(with what authority he knows not) gives "obsidian" as the meaning. He
thinks the word is related to the root _teuh_, "cold"--_tih-ih_, "to be
cold"--with which may be compared the words _tic_, "to stick in, prick;"
_tiz_, "to stitch," and _tiztic_, "pointed."
In regard to the Zapotec name, _gopa_, _gopaa_, or _opa_, the authors
named differ quite widely, Dr Seler deriving it from _rogopa_, "cold,"
and Dr Brinton suggesting that it is more likely "a variant of _guipa_,
a sharp point or edge, whence the word for stone knife, _gueza-guipa_,
from _guia_, stone."
The Maya name, however, does not appear to be readily brought into
harmony with the others. Dr Seler simply remarks that it may be related
to the root _e_, "firm, rigid, hard." Pio Perez offers no explanation.
Dr Brinton suggests that it is a figurative expression for the
sacrificial knife, from _nab_, something anointed, or blood, and _edz_,
to adjust, to point, to sharpen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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