Bible -- Antiquities; Bible. Old Testament -- Evidences, authority, etc.
Limited space will not permit the introduction of other notable classics
of fiction such as the story of the shipwrecked sailor; the story of the
doomed prince; the story of the possessed princess; the story of the
eloquent peasant, and any number of other records, nor is their
presentation essential to the development of our thesis. Their value,
however, is seen in the fact that not only do they depict the literary
tastes of antiquity, but they delineate many of the common details and
incidents of the daily life of those ages.
There are also any number of poems which have a high historical value.
We shall refer later to the famed poem of Pentauer, which immortalizes
the victories of Ramses the Second, which this great conqueror achieved
over Egypt’s ancient enemies the Hittites. The discovery of this record
was the first appearance of the Hittites in archeology and caused a
sensation in the ranks of Biblical criticism.
Among the more sober types of literature will be found narratives of
pure history. Such would be the lists of the kings, giving the
chronology of the dynasty of each. Records of conquest, lists of
tribute, and the names of captive races form the bulk of this type of
material.
There are also books of maxims teaching the higher morality of the age
in which the papyrus was written. In a word, the literature preserved in
the papyri of Egypt deals with religious aims, books of magic, records
of travel, and the science of that day. From the latter we learn their
beliefs and technique in the realm of astronomy. Their system of
mathematics is preserved for us in such prize records as the Rhind
Papyrus which deals with the geometry of that age. This papyrus is in
the British Museum and is numbered 10,057. In the Museum at Cairo is a
papyrus illustrating the geography and cartography of antiquity. This
famous map shows the religious divisions of that province, which is now
called the Fayyum. Others of these papyri deal with medicine as it was
practiced in that ancient day. There are, of course, biographical papyri
that are almost innumerable, all of which reconstruct for us the lives
and times of these people who are so long dead, but far from forgotten.
Among the most important of all the varieties of papyri are those which
preserve for us the embalming technique practiced at various stages in
the development of this art in Egypt. Since the Egyptians believed that
the resurrection of the body and its eternal life depended upon the
preservation of the physical form, they took great pains in their
preparations for the burial of their dead. The most graphic description
of the method used is given by Herodotus and is thus familiar to all
students of history. This noted writer states that three general methods
were used by the Egyptians and the cost of each was graduated to the
thoroughness of the method.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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