Debs: His Life, Writings and Speeches, with a Department of AppreciationsDebs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor)
History
Debs: His Life, Writings and Speeches, with a Department of Appreciations
Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor)
Socialism -- United States; Socialist Party (U.S.)
In the present system of society, called the capitalist system, since it
is controlled by and supported in the interest of the capitalist class,
we have two general classes of people; first, capitalists, and second,
workers. The capitalists are few, the workers are many; the capitalists
are called capitalists because they own the productive capital of the
country, the lands, mines, quarries, oil and gas wells, mills,
factories, shops, stores, warehouses, refineries, tanneries, elevators,
docks, wharves, railroads, street cars, steamships, smelters, blast
furnaces, brick and stone yards, stock pens, packing houses, telegraph
wires and poles, pipe lines, and all other sources, means and tools of
production, distribution and exchange. The capitalist class who own and
control these things also own and control, of course, the millions of
jobs that are attached to and inseparable from them.
It goes without saying that the owner of the job is the master of the
fellow who depends upon the job.
Now why does the workingman depend upon the capitalist for a job? Simply
because the capitalist owns the tools with which work is done, and
without these the workingman is almost as helpless as if he had no arms.
Before the tool became a machine, the worker who used it also owned it;
if one was lost or destroyed he got another. The tool was small; it was
for individual use and what the workingman produced with it was his own.
He did not have to beg some one else to allow him to use his tools—he
had his own.
But a century has passed since then, and in the order of progress that
simple tool has become a mammoth machine.
The old hand tool was used by a single worker—and owned by him who used
it.
The machine requires a thousand or ten thousand workers to operate it,
but they do not own it, and what they produce with it does not go to
them, but to the capitalist who does own it.
The workers who use the machine are the slaves of the capitalist who
owns it.
They can only work by his permission.
The capitalist is a capitalist solely for profit—without profit he would
not be in business an instant. That is his first and only consideration.
In the capitalist system profit is prior to and more important than the
life or liberty of the workingman.
The capitalist’s profit first, last and always. He owns the tools and
only allows the worker to use them on condition that he can extract a
satisfactory profit from his labor. If he cannot do this the tools are
not allowed to be used—he locks them up and waits.
The capitalist does no work himself; that is, no useful or necessary
work. He spends his time watching other parasites in the capitalist game
of “dog eat dog,” or in idleness or dissipation. The workers who use his
tools give him all the wealth they produce and he allows them a
sufficient wage to keep them in working order.
The wage is to the worker what oil is to the machine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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