Battles -- United States; United States -- History, Military -- To 1900
Washington was still at Morristown, waiting with no little anxiety the
movements of the British. The expected reinforcements and supplies,
especially tents, the want of which had kept Howe from moving, had at
last arrived. Burgoyne had assumed the command in Canada; but what
his intentions were Washington did not know--whether he would advance
by way of Lake Champlain, or, what seemed more probable, would take
shipping in the St. Lawrence and join Howe in New York. Nor could he
tell whether Howe would move up the Hudson to co-operate with Burgoyne,
or whether he would attempt Philadelphia; and if so, whether by land or
water.
Philadelphia, however, seemed the most probable object of attack;
and the more effectually to cover that city, leaving Putnam in the
Highlands with a division of Eastern troops, Washington, on May 28th,
moved to a piece of strong ground at Middlebrook, about twelve miles
from Princeton. He had with him forty-three battalions, arranged in
ten brigades and five divisions; but these battalions were so far from
being full that the whole amounted to only eight thousand men.
On June 13th Howe marched out of New Brunswick with a powerful army,
designing apparently to force his way to Philadelphia. Washington
called to his aid a large part of the troops in the Highlands; the
New Jersey militia turned out in force; Arnold, to whom had been
assigned the command at Philadelphia, was busy with Mifflin in
preparing defences for the Delaware. It was Howe’s real object, not
so much to penetrate to Philadelphia as to draw Washington out of
his intrenchments and to bring on a general engagement, in which,
upon anything like equal ground, the British general felt certain of
victory. With that intent he made a sudden and rapid retreat, evacuated
New Brunswick even, and fell back to Amboy. The bait seemed to take;
the American van, under Stirling, descended to the low grounds, and
Washington moved with the main body to Quibbletown. But when Howe
turned suddenly about and attempted to gain the passes and heights
on the American left, Washington, ever on the alert, fell rapidly
back to the strong ground at Middlebrook. In this retrograde movement
Stirling’s division lost a few men and three pieces of artillery; but
the American army was soon in a position in which Howe did not choose
to attack it.
Defeated in this attempt to bring on a general action, and having made
up his mind to approach Philadelphia by water, the British commander,
on June 30th, withdrew into Staten Island, where he embarked the main
body of his army, not less than sixteen thousand strong, leaving
Clinton, who had been lately honored with the Order of the Bath, to
hold New York with five thousand men, and, by expeditions up the Hudson
and into New Jersey, to co-operate as well with Burgoyne as with the
attack upon Philadelphia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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