(3) that if only the antecedent be more than one, the conclusion
will be a simple proposition; but if both antecedent and consequent
be more than one, the conclusion will itself be disjunctive.
§ 781. The dilemma, it will be seen, differs from the partly
conjunctive syllogism chiefly in the fact of having a disjunctive
affirmation of the antecedent or denial of the consequent in the
minor, instead of a simple one. It is this which constitutes the
essence of the dilemma, and which determines its possible
varieties. For if only the antecedent or only the consequent be more
than one, we must, in order to obtain a disjunctive minor, affirm the
antecedent or deny the consequent respectively; whereas, if there be
more than one of both, it is open to us to take either course. This
gives us four types of dilemma.
§ 782.
(1). _Simple Constructive._
If A is B or C is D, E is F.
Either A is B or C is D.
.'. E is F.
(2). _Simple Destructive._
If A is B, C is D and E is F.
Either C is not D or E is not F.
.'. A is not B.
(3). _Complex Constructive._
If A is B, C is D; and if E is F, G is H.
Either A is B or E is F.
.'. Either C is D or G is H.
(4). _Complex Destructive_.
If A is B, C is D; and if E is F, G is H.
Either C is not D or G is not H.
.'. Either A is not B or E is not F.
§ 783.
(1). _Simple Constructive_.
If she sinks or if she swims, there will be an end of her.
She must either sink or swim.
.'. There will be an end of her.
(2). _Simple Destructive_.
If I go to Town, I must pay for my ticket and pay my hotel bill.
Either I cannot pay for my ticket or I cannot pay my hotel bill.
.'. I cannot go to Town.
(3). _Complex Constructive_.
If I stay in this room, I shall be burnt to death, and if I jump
out of the window, I shall break my neck.
I must either stay in the room or jump out of the window.
.'. I must either be burnt to death or break my neck.
(4). _Complex Destructive_.
If he were clever, he would see his mistake; and
if he were candid, he would acknowledge it.
Either he does not see his mistake or he will not acknowledge it.
.'. Either he is not clever or he is not candid.
§ 784. It must be noticed that the simple destructive dilemma would
not admit of a disjunctive consequent. If we said,
If A is B, either C is D or E is F,
Either C is not D or E is not F,
we should not be denying the consequent. For 'E is not F' would make
it true that C is D, and 'C is not D' would make it true that E is F;
so that in either case we should have one of the alternatives true,
which is just what the disjunctive form 'Either C is D or E is F'
insists upon.
§ 785. In the case of the complex constructive dilemma the several
members, instead of being distributively assigned to one another, may
be connected together as a whole--thus--
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