Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
The state reformatories reach a class of delinquents between those of
the state prisons and the state industrial schools. In Minnesota all the
inmates of the reformatory except 80, who were disqualified by inability
to speak English or otherwise, were tested by Dr. E. F. Green. Men are
sent there only between the ages of 16 and 30, so that his table of
mental and life-ages gives us the opportunity to apply our criteria
accurately. Thirteen per cent. of the 370 examined tested IX or under
and were presumably deficient, while 22% more were in the uncertain
group testing X (_22_).
In a report of the Binet results with 996 inmates of the Iowa
Reformatory, which Warden C. C. McClaughry kindly sent me, 200 tested IX
or under and 146 tested X, a total of 35% including the doubtful group.
The range of ages was from 16 to 49. The Warden notes that the tests
were not made by an experienced psychologist. “In many cases it is
suspected that the crafty criminal was endeavoring to lower his standing
as to mentality in the hope of excusing or mitigating his crime in the
eyes of the Board of Parole.” The results, however, agree well with what
has been found in similar institutions.
Supt. Frank Moore of the New Jersey Reformatory at Rahway says, “Nearly
every young man who has entered our institution in the last eighteen
months has been tested by this system (Binet), and the results have
shown that at least 46 per cent. were mentally subnormal” (_38_). By his
discussion this seems to mean that they tested below XII which would
mean that all those testing XI were less deficient than our standard for
doubtful cases. These young men were from 16-25 years of age and 17.5%
of them had had one year or less in school. Ten per cent. could not be
examined because of unfamiliarity with English. A later report in 1912
regarding the same institution (_42_) says that 600 of the inmates have
been examined with the Binet tests in two years, but does not state how
these were selected. Of those examined we are told “48% are of the moron
type of mental defectives, ranging in mentality from three to eight
years, below the average normal adult.” Again, no further information is
given so that it is impossible to allow for those testing X or XI or for
the cases only three years retarded. Both of these estimates at the New
Jersey Reformatory are excessive when judged by conservative
borderlines.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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