Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
With the immediate campaign against delinquency centered against the
propagation of the social deficients, we have the atmosphere cleared so
that it is possible to turn attention to the best means of attaining
this end. Sterilization, isolation, or guardianship, by force or by
consent, which of these methods promises best? This is not a question
for detailed discussion here. We may, however, call attention to the
strides that have been made by such legislation as the British Mental
Deficiency Act of 1913 and to the summary of the laws of the several
states in our country published at the University of Washington,
Seattle. The question whether sterilization is desirable must at present
be settled apparently by the judgment whether the benefit in reducing
the propagation of the unfit outweighs the danger to morality through
the temptation of known sterility. The question of isolation of the
sexes by either sterilization or segregation resolves itself into the
question of accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis. Our review of the
uncertainties of diagnosis should make us cautious. When we consider the
social survival of many of those trained in the public school classes
for deficients and when a dozen girls discharged from the Massachusetts
institution for the feeble-minded succeeded in getting along in society
(_164_, p. 49), it would seem wise to place the emphasis on first
isolating those about whose danger to the community through delinquency
or propagation of deficiency there would be the least question. This
would mean those of uncertain mentality who were already repeated
delinquents or in imminent danger and those who were of the lowest
grades of deficiency, not the morons who were of uncertain moral and
mental ability. Among the clearly deficient there is no question but
that the emphasis should be to isolate first the girls and women of
child-bearing age, since their chance of obtaining mates is greater than
that of the deficient males. With doubtful cases public guardianship,
such as that provided by the British Mental Deficiency Act of 1913,
affords a promising remedy. Even those who are of uncertain ability
should, when in danger, be provided with whatever protection
guardianship can give. In this connection a suggestion of Dr. Goddard in
the Survey, March 2, 1912, may be utilized. A court in returning an
individual who is of uncertain ability to his family or guardian may
well warn them: “We shall leave him in your custody, but we insist that
you shall care for him, shall be responsible for him throughout his
life, shall see that he does not get into mischief, and above all that
he does not become a parent. Whenever the time comes that we find you
are incapable of performing or are neglecting this duty, then we shall
take him and place him in a colony.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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