Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
“The point-scale method has the merit of indicating directly the
rate, or annual increments of intellectual growth. We do not claim
for our measurements a high degree of accuracy, especially in the
case of the early years of childhood. But even the roughly
determined curve of intellectual growth from four to eighteen years,
which we present below, has considerable interest for the genetic
psychologist and for the psychological examiner. We have ascertained
that whether measured by the ratio of the increment of increase,
year by year, to the norm for the appropriate year or by the ratio
of the extreme range of scores to appropriate year norms,
intellectual development rapidly diminishes in rate, at least from
the fifth year onward” (_169_, p. 603).
Waiving the question whether annual increases or the range of
measurements relative to the age norms would be satisfactory indications
of the change in the rate of growth, it seems to be fairly clear that
neither of these criteria would be adequate unless we first knew that
the units in which they were measured were equivalent at different
portions of the scale. To show that the point scale units are even
theoretically equivalent it would seem to be necessary to assume, on the
basis of normal distribution of ability, that each unit of the deviation
for each age distribution either equaled the same number of scale units
or the same proportion of the total distance from lowest to highest
ability at each age measured in the point-scale units. The originators
of the scale do not seem to have planned it with this in view. Moreover,
the difficulty of empirically demonstrating such equivalence of units on
a point scale or any form of the Binet scale prevents its use for
indicating curves of mental development, however serviceable it may be
for other purposes.
The simplest demonstration of the form of the development curves is
applying the same test, scored in equal physical units, to children of
different ages. In Figs. 6, 7, and 8 the evidence from tests was
assembled for ages 8 to 14 inclusive. It is probable, however, that the
form of these development curves, when the unit of measurement was
anything but time taken for the same task, has been affected by the
difference in the real value of units called by the same name, _e. g._,
giving the opposite of one word is not always equal to giving the
opposite of another.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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