Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
percentage definition of the borderline as the best available under
uncertain forms of distribution.
The recent rapid perfection of objective scales to measure educational
products, like ability in handwriting, etc., in equal units running to
an absolute zero of ability, suggests that it might be possible
ultimately to state the borderline of deficiency in terms of the same
relative objective distance between the best and zero ability at each
age on a scale of general ability. This ideal could be approached, for
example, with the Sylvester form-board test in which the units are
seconds required to complete the same task, if we could agree upon a
maximum number of seconds without success which should mean no ability,
and if this zero should remain the same at each age. It would only be
necessary to take, for example, the best position or the median or the
upper quartile at each age as the other point of reference. We could
then say that a borderline in physical units was always, for example,
.01 of the median record at each age above zero. Such a method would
provide relatively equal objective borderlines at each age and it would
afford a measure which would take into account the ability of the
individuals to be competed against instead of merely counting them as
the percentage method must. It would be better than a description in
units of the standard deviation in that its significance would be more
easily understood if the form of distribution varied with age.
To demonstrate its worth, however, this method of defining the
borderline in terms of _the same proportion of the physical difference
between zero and the median at each age_, would also have to provide a
better prediction of ultimate social failure. It would have to be shown
that individuals below the relative objective borderline at maturity
were below the same relative objective borderline during immaturity.
Moreover, it would have to be shown that this relationship was closer
than it would be with percentile records. It is a form of this relative
objective measurement which Otis advocates in his “absolute intelligence
quotient,” which he proposes as logically the best measure of ability.
It consists of the ratio of the score of the individual measured in
equal absolute units of intelligence, divided by his age (_163_).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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