Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
Among the authoritative estimates of the number of feeble-minded, which
have been made by estimators who had in mind the evidence from mental
tests, is that made by James H. Van Sickle, Lightner Witmer, and Leonard
P. Ayres in a bulletin published by the United States Bureau of
Education in 1911 (_209_). They state that, “if all children of the
public schools could be ranked, it is probable that a rough
classification would group them about as follows—Talented, 4%; Bright,
Normal, Slow, 92%; Feeble-Minded, 4%. The 4% may for administrative
purposes be divided into two groups. The lower one includes about
one-half of one per cent. of the entire school membership.... They are
genuinely mentally deficient, and cannot properly be treated in the
public schools. They are institution cases, and should be removed to
institutions. Ranking just above these are the remaining three and
one-half per cent. who are feeble-minded but who could be given a
certain amount of training in special classes in the public schools.”
The estimate of institutional cases practically coincides with that
adopted above in this paper. The extension of the term feeble-minded to
include the lowest 4% seems to be extreme. The authors do not suggest
what portion of these they think might require social assistance
indefinitely, but are interested primarily in provision for special
classes in the public schools. If the term feeble-minded were to mean
only unfit for regular school classes and not socially unfit, I have
already suggested that the limit for special instruction might be
increased indefinitely. In Mannheim 18% are not cared for in the regular
classes.
The only estimate of feeble-minded which I have found that is so large
as this 4% is that of Binet. It is also intended to cover all cases that
should be sent to special classes regardless of subsequent social
survival. His statement as to those who are so abnormal or defective as
to be suitable for neither the ordinary school nor the asylum is as
follows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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