“As to France, precise information has not been available until the last year, when two inquiries were held—one at the instance of the Ministerial Commission, the other organized by the Minister of the Interior. According to the former inquiry we find that the proportion of defectives amounts to scarcely 1% for the boys, and 0.9% for the girls. These percentages are evidently far too small, and we ourselves have discovered, by a small private inquiry, that many schools returned “none” in the questionnaires distributed, although the headmasters have admitted to us that they possessed several genuine defectives. In Paris, M. Vaney, a headmaster, made some investigations by the arithmetic test, which we shall explain presently, and reached the conclusion that 2% of the school population of two districts were backward. If we were to include the ill-balanced, whose number is probably equal to that of the backward, the proportion would be about 4%. Lastly and quite recently a special and most careful inquiry was made at Bordeaux, under the direction of M. Thamin, by alienists and the school medical inspectors, and it was found that the percentage of abnormality amongst the boys was 5.17. Probably the true percentage is somewhere in the neighborhood of 5. All these inquiries are comparable because they deal with the school population” (_77_, p. 8). In this estimate of 5%, Binet was considering those to be sent to special classes regardless of whether or not they would require indefinite social assistance after their schooling. It is therefore not directly comparable with our estimate of 1.5% presumably or doubtfully intellectually deficient.