Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The termination of this industry was guided almost solely by industrial
conditions. With most signaling supplies it was impracticable to
build up large war reserves. There is perhaps no branch of modern
mechanical development to which applied science pays more attention
than it does to perfecting the means of communication. Progress is
rapid, and therefore any large reserves of supplies set aside by the
Signal Corps were likely to become obsolete and without value after
a few years. Moreover, although the war industry of the Signal Corps
scored its greatest production records with such common things as
telephone and telegraph instruments and wire, all this equipment was
of special design unknown in ordinary commercial use and therefore
without value to it. Consequently there was not the usual good business
reason to continue production under the well-advanced signal corps
contracts--namely, that a greater cash recovery could be obtained from
the sale of finished products than from the junk sale of semi-finished
materials. Finally, many of the signal corps supplies--and this applies
particularly to radio--were heavily protected by valid patents.
These patents the Government made free with during the war, but the
existence of the patents virtually precluded the Government from
selling its excess radio equipment after the war. For these and other
reasons the signal corps war business was terminated at precisely the
rate at which the manufacturing equipment and its operatives could be
diverted to other work.
Unlike the Ordnance Department and the Air Service, the Signal Corps
was not organized before the armistice by manufacturing districts, but
conducted all its business from the central office in Washington. The
Washington headquarters, however, maintained intimate contact with the
contractors through its so-called flying squadron, an organization
of officers who visited the war factories, inspected their work, and
coöperated with the producers in the solution of their shop problems.
This same organization after the armistice conducted the field work of
the industrial liquidation, acting under the direction of the Signal
Corps Board of Contract Termination, which, in turn, was subsidiary to
the War Department Claims Board.
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